Managing non-profit organizations Research Paper - 1

Managing non-profit organizations - Research Paper Example In a nonprofit organization the output is the fulfillment of the community’s needs without any profit and trained staff members. Management of a nonprofit organization is also different. It includes four steps; planning, developing, operating and evaluating (Kotler). Each step in turn includes other tasks. While planning, one has to plan for three different things; strategy, resources and programs. Staff members carry out strategic planning to find out the overall purpose (mission) and direction (vision and goals) for the nonprofit, in addition to the methods (values, approaches and programs) for the nonprofit to work toward the purpose and direction. The strategic planning course offers input to all other major tasks in the organization, especially program planning and resource planning. Thus, if strategic planning is not done well, the entire organization can be unfavorably influenced. During program planning, the marketing investigation (or â€Å"inbound marketing†) activities are performed to recognize, for example, precise society requirements for the nonprofit to meet, what conclusions are desira ble to meet those needs, what explicit groups of customers to provide, and how to serve them to accomplish those outcomes. Program planning makes available input to many other functions, such as resource planning (regarding staff, funds, and people), financial management, advertising and promotions, and also fundraising. Many problems commonly connected with fundraising and promotions are really the result of poor program planning. Planners (McNamara). Typically, resources include people, financial support, amenities, equipment, supplies, and even certain policies and procedures. Budgets usually are developed that contain listings of resources that are needed, along with the predictable costs to get hold of and support the use of those resources. Resource planning straightforwardly influences the superiority of all operating

Critically discuss the extend to which formal strategic may be Essay

Critically discuss the extend to which formal strategic may be considered to be the key to effective business process management in hospitality SME'S - Essay Example According to Tangen (2004) , this suggests poor organisational configuration, which is detrimental to sustained competitive advantage. Configuration is defined as â€Å"making choices about what a company will do and how it will do it, and†¦ensuring that the things a company does reinforce each other†. They argue that the lack of a focused competitive strategy is one of the key causes of poor organisational configuration. However, the problem of organisational configuration is not just restricted to understanding markets, with poor configuration being found in a number of key areas, including hospitality SMEs’ relationships with their customers, which are fraught with uncertainty. There is an acknowledged advantage in that small firms are closer to the customer, enabling more personal relationships to develop (Crook , 2003). However, this is tempered by the danger that having a limited customer base (Gray, 2005) facilitates the development of deferential supplier–customer relationships. Research by Harrison (2003) concludes that, apart from those firms which operate only in very low profit or niche markets, hospitality SMEs are consistently found to be subservient to their larger counterparts. This view is supported by Wong (2005) who suggest that hospitality SMEs have a lack of control over their futures because of demands made by stronger customers throughout the supply chain. An addi tional burden is a lack of power to leverage payment of debts from these customers, as noted by (Okumus, 2003), who point out that many smaller firms are â€Å"afraid to press customers too hard for payment for fear of loss of future business†. It is this scenario which most severely affects hospitality SMEs as their limited resources cannot cope with the fluctuations in cash flow that late payment inevitably brings. The overall effect of the fiercely competitive environment in which hospitality SMEs operate is that, very often, strategic planning becomes a seemingly

An overview of the Bank of Maldives

An overview of the Bank of Maldives On 23rd May 1982, Bank of Maldives was registered (Company Registry No. C-22/1982) with Ministry of Home Affairs as a company. On 10 November 1982 BML was registered at Maldives Monetary Authority and was given license to provide banking business in the Maldives. Joint venture with IFCI Bank of Maldives Plc was inaugurated on November 11, 1982 and started commercial operation as a joint venture bank with 60% shares held by the Government of the Maldives (including its Agencies and Maldivian Companies) and 40% shares owned by International Finance Investment Company Limited (later IFIC Bank Limited), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Until 31st December 1992, the Bank was managed by the professionals of IFIC Bank Limited and they were paid 10% of the Banks profit. During the tenth year of the Bank, the Government of Maldives decided to re-structure the Bank of Maldives as such requested the IFIC Bank Ltd to reduce the share holding and also the number of representation in the Board. Consequently IFIC Bank Ltd decided to dispose off its entire shares in the Bank of Maldives and terminate its relations with the Bank with the expiry of the Management Contract on December 31, 1992. Bank of Maldives Become Public Limited Company On 14 November 1992, Government of Maldives purchased 40 per cent shares held by IFIC Bank Ltd. As a result, 80 per cent of the share capital of the Bank of Maldives was owned by the Government while the remaining 20 per cent of the share capital was sold equally to the State Trading Organization and Maldives Transport and Contracting Company respectively. Company Shares In December 1992, the Government decided, to sell Banks shares to the general public, with a view to expand the Banks capital. From January 1, 1993, Bank of Maldives Plc has become, and since then remained, a bank fully owned by the people and the Government of the Maldives. The Bank of Maldives Plc issued shares during 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 2007. In 2007, Memorandum and Articles of Association of the bank was revised, shares were split and bonus shares were given to the existing shareholders. As a result the authorised caiptal of the bank was increased from Rf 300 million to Rf 800 million. The face value of BML shares stand at Rf 50/-. Bank of Maldives Branches Presently the Bank of Maldives Plc has 25 branches. Three out of 25 branches are in Male, the capital, 01 in Male International Airport (Hulhule Island) and 01 each in both Villingili ward and Hulhumale. The other branches are distributed amongst the atolls of the country, each with a designated command area. Hence, the Bank of Maldives Plc is able to serve the whole nation. Strategies for businesses The main business of the Bank is retail banking in addition to handling development banking activities in all the atolls of the Republic, Bank of Maldives PLC extends a variety of modern banking services online in a fully computerized environment and is proud to be serving  the nation as the leading bank in the Maldives. A business strategy is a pattern of decision and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its objectives. Business planning involves deciding what is to be done, setting objectives and developing polices to achieve them. There is a number of stages involve in the planning process. These include Identifying the objectives Analalysing the positions of the business Deciding on suitable strategy Implementing a suitable strategy Evaluating its effectiveness Strategic Planning Process Mission We will lead the way through quality of service and dedication of our staff. We will serve all our communities to the best of our ability, strive always to listen to your needs and so build total customer confidence and satisfaction Vision To be the leader in the financial industry in Maldives, spreading its presence in all key economic geographies in Maldives To be the leader in the financial industry in Maldives, inculcating a long term saving culture in the nation and promoting a cashless society To be one of the most Efficient, Profitable and Respected financial institutions in Maldives. Values Strategic analysis This is all about the analysing the strength of businesses position and understanding the important external factors that may influence that position. The process of Strategic Analysis can be assisted by a number of tools, including: SWOT Analysis: a useful summary technique for summarising the key issues arising from an assessment of a businesses internal position and external environmental influences. PEST Analysis: a technique for understanding the environment in which a business operates Scenario Planning: a technique that builds various plausible views of possible futures for a business Five Forces Analysis: a technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition in an industry Market Segmentation: a technique which seeks to identify similarities and differences between groups of customers or users Directional Policy Matrix: a technique which summarises the competitive strength of a businesses operations in specific markets Competitor Analysis: a wide range of techniques and analysis that seeks to summarise a businesses overall competitive position Critical Success Factor Analysis: a technique to identify those areas in which a business must outperform the competition in order to succeed SWOT Analysis A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) is a tool used to provide a general or detailed snapshot of a Companies health. Think of your SWOT as a tune-up that every business needs periodically to diagnose and fix whats a bit worn, whats on the verge of breaking down, or whats already broken and needs replacementso that you can keep the business humming-even better than it has in the past. Strength Financial stability and bank is well capitalised and this has enabled it to perform relatively well Highest market shares Government helps since it has their share power Most effective recruitment and selection process Awarded for 3 years about their customer satisfaction methods. Easy transections for its customers Updated technology Nations most trusted company with the highest transections Oldest bank in the market and well branded in the country Weakness Less number of employees to deal with their daily transections and customers problems. Limited dollar providing Difficult to get loans compare to their competitors Opportunities Since they have got a good financial stability they can expand their business to other islands Sell more shares to the public market. It will increase their customers and also will be able to have a better capital to provide a good service To deal with their daily transections and to get experience from developed banks like Swiss bank they can ask from the government talk about it with them. Threats Recently have stopped providing any types of card to the customers Economic crises Competitors The strengths of the company can be assessed as companys resources and also the company capabilities which can be used as a root to achieve its objectives and goals and also for developing a competitive advantage. Maintain the strength and try to readuse the weakness such as Forgn currency prob PESTLE It is very important that an organization considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. Political In Maldives government doesnt influence most of the business. But Bank of Maldives is a government company so they take decisions according to their political decisions. Most of the business in this country are private business. Government helps to their business to carry it with the highest level they can and to expend it. However they have recently announced that they will make new rules to the tertiary sector business. Economical After the tsunami the country is developing rapidly their business and starting new business. In the market they have got so many new competitors like HSBC and Bank of Ceylon. Most of the people still trusts Bank of Maldives because of being the oldest Bank in the country and also its under the control of government. Most of the transection are done in the capital city. So economically they will face much troubles from their business. Because HSBC can be a competitor who will be able to get market share. They have the best dollar providing service. When looking in to the people perspective, most of the people have bank accounts. And all most all the people are aware about the modern world. Business cycle Social Maldives economy is based on about the social could be their spending is higher and less saving. This way happens mostly with the youngsters. Everything for them is fun and enjoying. And each every of them has their own bank account. Thats why it increase the bank transection. Technological Business operates with new technology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Organizational hierarchy Technology is vital to gain competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization. Changes in technology have also become mainly weighty in the post-millennium world. This is particularly true in terms of modern communication technologies. The creation of databases and electronic communications have enabled huge quantities of information to be shared and quickly distributed in a modern company enabling vast cost reductions, and often improvements in service and product. Organizations need to be aware of the latest relevant technologies for their business and due to high competition in the market. The most important changes brought by the human in the 21st century were the Technology. The technology has brought the people together with the best, comfortable and convenient life. Also technology is one of the biggest issues in modern world. Bank of Maldives use the latest technology to serve its customers Porters Fives Forces Supplier : Having a good pricing strategy and a good customer care will enhance Bank of Maldives to catch up the marker easily and maximize the profit. BCG Matrix Directional policy Matrix GE Matrix Market force and Bank of Maldives Communication Human Resource Of the organization Hirchy of company

Hyperspace :: essays research papers

Hyperspace A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the 10th Dimension Imagine a you are sitting next to a pond. Now imagine such as how the fish in that pond would view the world around them. Living their entire lives in the pond, the fish would believe that their â€Å"universe† consisted of the murky water and the lilies. Spending most of their time foraging on the bottom of the pond, they would be only dimly aware that an alien world could exist above the surface. The nature of that world would be beyond their comprehension. You could sit only few inches from the fish, yet be separated from them by an immense chasm. You and the fish lives would be spent in two distinct universes, never entering each other’s world, yet were separated by only the thinnest barrier, the water’s surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now imagine that you are in a rainstorm next to the same pond. You notice that the pond’s surface was bombarded by thousands of tiny raindrops. The pond’s surface would eventually become turbulent, and the water lilies were being pushed in all different directions. To the fish the water lilies would be getting pushed around by themselves without anything pushing them. Since the water around them would appear invisible, much like the air and space around us, they would be baffled that the water lilies could move around by themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now imagine that there is fish â€Å"scientists† that would concoct clever invention called a â€Å"force† in order to hide their ignorance. Unable to comprehend that there could be waves on an unseen surface, they would conclude that lilies could move without being touched because a mysterious invisible being called a force acted between them. They might give this illusion impressive names (such as action-at-a-distance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many scientists believe we are like the fish swimming contentedly in that pond. We live our lives in our own â€Å"pond,† confident that our universe consists of only the see and touch. Like the fish, our universe consists of what is familiar and visible. We smugly refuse admit that parallel dimensions or universes can exist next to ours, just out of our grasp.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of these dimensions is the 2nd dimension. To the 2 dimensional beings or Flatlanders, our dimension is incomprehensible to the Flatlanders. The 3rd dimension is to complex for the Flatlanders brain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flatlanders can not have a digestive tract simply because the being would be split in half.

Portfolio Tasks Architecture History

Cam McBride History Reflect on your understanding of the concept of ‘history'. Has this changed in the first three weeks of the course? If so, how? If not, how did you come to your present understanding of how history works? Discuss at least two of the following: ‘cultural change'; the ‘Great Men' theory of history; historicism; and historical materialism History is all around us, everywhere; every moment in time can be documented as a piece of history. This does not amount to how small the action was, or how long it took, it is all history.The greater the effect on a race or culture the longer the moment stays with us and is documented through time. This is called Historicism. For example one of the major moments in the last 10 years would be 9/1 1; although this did not affect us directly the amount of information and documentation of this event was vast, branching out to all nations. How long will this moment last in history books; will they remember this moment in 100 years? Will it stand the test of time?Something on a smaller scale may last longer, like inventions; things we still use to this day are a constant reminder of their history and where they came from. All people have a different timeline on history, some will gather information and not find it necessary or important, it hasn't affected them so it is not a major event in history for them. For example; the Christopher earthquake is a huge moment in history for us; it has changed our lives and things will never be the same, but for someone in Denmark, the other side of the world, this is an almost irrelevant happening and a miniscule piece of information.They might have seen a 2-minute clip on the news and this piece of history will not stay with them. Therefore history is our own little inline of importance; although we may have the same events, they occur in different orders and rankings depending on the culture that surrounds you. There may even be a completely different timel ine for someone else. None of it matters because history is what is relevant to you. History is usually confined to one particular moment, giving one-person credit, securing their place in the historic books.This in fact isn't true; not one great man creates history; there is always an underlying history behind history. For example; one great man did not invent the telescope. This is the typical route of invention, one hat takes an idea from an already existing item and develops it, improves it and claims it as their own. This idea is not always true. Inventions had to start somewhere, usually occurring when something is needed to make a task easier. All inventions start somewhere, but very few people create something out of nothing.And the struggle of being the first is always a factor, to keep your development a secret until perfected enough to show to the public, and by then someone else may have beaten you to it. It is not the great man who creates historic moments; it is the im portance, need and reasons for the acts to take place. By Cam McBride Portfolio Task 2 – Cam McBride Ancient Rome Discuss the links between Ancient Rome and the United States of America in terms of at least two of the following: architecture; political organization; ideology; and empire.Ancient Rome is a very solid base in the world of architecture; perfecting concrete, having large structures, and using original techniques developed by themselves. America being America, in my eyes initially took on one of the largest colonies to try and improve their work, be bolder, bigger and better. Ancient Rome used large columns including steps leading upward giving a sense of importance, much like the Greeks. This was seen throughout their government buildings and town centers. America's important buildings are very similar in this way, especially in their political scene.For example the Washington White House includes steps up to columns spread across the front facade. Also including a central dome, which the Romans invented and used often, giving a large open central focus to the building. Architecture is a big part of both cultures and is seen as a dominant force, controlling perspectives of power over the people. America is seen as the most powerful nation in the world currently, as ancient Rome once was; this is perceived and reinforced wrought their style of architecture.Architecture and buildings are constantly changing over time but the base link to Rome is still there, the impression of power is still there, creating large buildings in bare surroundings, statues, and rare materials. This shows the obvious link to Roman architecture that still remains in our cultures, not only in America but all around the world. Another parallel between Roman culture and American culture is the appropriation of services, or political management.Creating a safe environment for the people was essential for the Romans and America have adopted this style of giving private ra ciest power and responsibility of taking care of their own. This in fact meaner that there is no distinction between public and private responsibility, in turn creating corruption amongst the people [ (Spangles, 2011)]. Having private organizations try to solve and maintain many of the public services is a bad idea, things become hazy, overlapping from service to service, this may be a solution for the short term but in the long term, much like the Roman society, the consequences are huge.They may not have an option at this stage but in my eyes, a modern society like America should eve the brains, the money and the manpower to solve issues, unlike Rome. Tasks like collecting taxes, patrolling the streets and borders were once seen as a public task [ (Spangles, 2011) America has changed this and the benefits don't seem to outweigh the negatives, how much time will pass before the public rise up against and destroy a perfectly capable nation, much like Europe is currently experiencing .Portfolio Task 3 – Cam McBride The Medieval World In what ways is this representative of the medieval world-view? The Chartres cathedral, also known, as the ‘Gothic Cathedral' is one of the finest hurries in France, renowned for it's beautiful architecture and is a milestone in the growth of western civilization, the birth of a new era [ (Chartres Cathedral, ND) Very quickly dozens of churches appeared using this style, it became prolific, which suggests that in some ways it was a reflection of the medieval world.The gothic style in general was very innovative and was a strong depiction of the medieval ages. The structure was made to incorporate room for large stained glass windows on the outer walls; achieved by diverting the roof weight toward centre columns, which, in plan IEEE depicted the symbol of Christianity, the cross. Thus heading away from the usual cold dark interiors the churches would posses. The big rose windows are a huge part of the style and helped em phasize the height and structure of the buildings.Pointed towers and slender spires surround the building giving it a very medieval characteristic and again adding the essential height factor. The structure, the decoration and of course the function reveals the understanding of the medieval middle ages [ (University, ND) This building is a representation of the medieval worldview as it was a time when here were huge variations of beliefs, at one end of the scale, rationalism, requiring logical or scientific proof for some to truly believe a statement.On the other end of the scale, the extremists, total rejection of reason and solely relying on faith to get them through [ (Valorous, 2000)]. This wide range of beliefs tore people apart and gave them something to be separated by and argue about. The one thing that did not change was their belief in God. Churches were a place were everyone had common ground, the existence of God was certain, no science was needed to prove it, although m om felt the need to prove their beliefs rationally rather than going on blind faith of what has been said to them.This giving the church a huge significance in the medieval world view as it was the central core to society, no matter how different the views of people were within the society, God remained the same, a higher power that indeed needed to be worshiped and noticed by all. Portfolio Task 4 – Cam McBride Option 2 Using the two readings below, explain what materials and technology were used in ancient Greek architectural design. The vast majority of materials used in ancient Greek architecture were based upon mingle strong and sturdy natural elements.Structural elements such as columns were initially created from timbers, one of the easiest natural materials to gather and reform to a building material. Stone soon began to replace timber, mainly for its structural elements but also, its dependability seemed to suit the perception of their immortal gods that they all wor ship. This was entirely appropriate due to the fact the temples were being built as a representation of the gods (Hemingway, 2003). The switch to stone made a big difference to how the buildings looked.As there was a retreat increase in weight, the columns and support beams had to be closer together, this gave it a more solid, heavy look. This also occurred in the roof pitch. Initially they used lighter roofing materials allowing for a steeper pitch, but the introduction and translation into stone meant they started using a range of terracotta tiles which added a tremendous amount of additional weight, decreasing this pitch vastly [ (Odyssey, Adventures in Archaeology, 2012) Obtaining the stone such as marble and limestone was the biggest task of creating an ancient Greek temple.It was expensive and preparation time was extensive (Peck 2005). In summary I would suggest that it wasn't the most practical building material in some cases, but it was the image it needed to portray, the a rchitecture had to represent strength, power and above all immortality. Large masses of stone were indeed the key to this depiction. The technology used in ancient Greek architecture was hugely advanced by ingenious inventions that aided them in constructing bigger and better structures.Some of the tools the Greeks invented are still used to this day, although they have been developed further, in reality they are the same concept and are used for the name tasks. For example the pulley systems used by their wooden cranes; this creation advanced them immensely, previously using ramps and sleds that took a huge amount of preparation and materials (Peck, 2005). The ancient Greeks, like today, would hire specific workmen to build wooden scaffolding around the workouts.Scaffolding was essential in erecting statues, laying roofing tiles and hoisting stone. These systems became common practice and were notably developed to a stage were they were know for their precision and excellence in wo rkmanship [ (Hemingway, 003) The tools used by early architects are still used on the building site today, squares, plum bobs, levels and hammers were all part of the technological growth they played such a huge part in.The Greeks were leaders in the field of architecture, not only playing a massive role in the development of styles, systems and technology, but portraying the meaning and purpose of a building through the use of scale, materials and placement. All these elements are used today, but in some cases, the ancient Greeks used them more effectively. Works Cited Chartres Cathedral. (ND). The Cathedral of Chartres. Retrieved May 18, 2013, from Chartres Cathedral: http://www. Characteristically. Net/ Hemingway, C. (2003, October). Architecture in Ancient Greece.

Comparison of the Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou?>

Platt Pre AP English 9 5/9/2012 O Brother, This is Not Even Close To the Odyssey Everyone loves to immerse themselves into a dramatic and extraordinary story with evil monsters, brave hero's, and the desperate will to survive. It allows you to escape your troubles and take you to a new and exiting please with each and every second. However, there are some stories that simply do not capture the essence of breathtaking adventure. The movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? created by the comedic team of Ethan and Joel Coen, simply does not capture the perplexing classic story.O Brother, Where Art Thou? Is the big screen remake of Homer's epic poem, â€Å"The Odyssey†. This original story is about the adventure of Odysseus as he escapes his seven year imprisonment from the goddess Calypso. This Epic hero battles numerous monsters on his desperate attempt to return home to his wife Penelope, whom he meets again in a heartfelt reuniting. However, in the re-make film, a man named Ulysseus is a prison escapee that is desperate to keep his wife, Penny, from marrying another man, lying and cheating his way to reach his goal.The Coen brothers have created such a disappointing excuse for capturing a real hero and his adventures to be reunited with his true love. It is near idiotic. The story is so foggy and distracted by the unneeded details, and it abandons the true meaning of the heartwarming story. When a person imagines the heartfelt reuniting of a husband and wife after being separated for seven painstakingly long years, you dream of the relief and joy of the meeting. The story of â€Å"Penelope† in â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer reflects this idea exquisitely. The Coen brother's O Brother, Where Art Thou?Has a somewhat similar take on the story of Penelope. No matter the specific and thoroughly shown facts that the epic poem is much greater than the comedic film. The wife of Odysseus in the epic poem is named Penelope, and extremely similar to the name of Ulysseus's wife, Penny. In the movie, they were separated by the federal imprisonment of Everett Ulysseus, and the time it took to return back home. Also similar, the original hero Odysseus was kept from his wife Penelope by his imprisoner Calypso for many years, and the additional years of fighting for his life to return home to her.Also, in the poem, Odysseus was in his hometown while he saw his wife for the first time after all of those years. So was the place that Ulysseus was reunited with Penny in the film. There are few similarities between the film and the epic poem, but it is still believable that the similarities can not be compared to the shining differences. The poem is such an inspirational and heartfelt spectacle, it makes the film appear unimportant and no deep emotion involved with it. There are extremely few similarities, but there are certainly no shortage of differences between these two stories.Penelope is such a heartwarming, in depth part of the poem where ody sseus meets his wife once again. That is how it takes place in the epic poem anyway. In the film, it is the short, awkward moment of Ulysseus and his wife meeting again, to find out that Penny has completely and totally moved on. Also, Odysseus, in the poem, was disguised as a beggar, and his wife Penelope, had no idea who he really was. She tells him of the whole in her heart ever since her love disappeared, and he knowingly reassured her that her love would return.However, in the film, Ulysseus angrily approached Penny and demanded why she would ever lie to their children about his death. Penny went on to describe about how she had not missed him one bit. A complete and utter opposite of how the poem's Penelope had felt. In â€Å"The Odyssey† Penelope had many, many suitors that she would never accept for marriage. They ate her out of house and home, practically destroyed her life, only making her want Odysseus even more. All too differently, in the film, Penny had but one suitor, who she was set to marry that weekend, with no remorse.Ulysseus didn’t even disguise himself to her. This entire reenactment was both rude and uncaring. It showed no relief in the fact the hero of the story survived and was so heroic that he beat the odds. Indeed, it was very disappointing of a story. Most movies have a change to a story to emphasize or make it clearer to the viewers. However, it is clearly disappointing when the changes to the story are unnecessary. Everyone has heard of the saying â€Å"the book was better than the movie. † This is the case for the film translation of â€Å"The Odyssey†.The scene of Penelope is once of those specific scenes where it would be more reasonable to make it more similar to the original. However, it did work for a more comedic plot line. It exemplified crude humor and a lack of true deep emotions. It is exactly what the Coen brothers think when it comes to movie creating. Even though the changes are completel y pointless, it adds a somewhat depth to the all-around immature story. But it also creates this unloving relationship between the hero and his love.This relationship is full of jealousy and unneeded feuding. It may do something for the movie, yet it is simply not enough to make it enjoyable. When a person sits down with a good book or a bowl of popcorn waiting for a movie, it is assumed that there will be a thrilling, capturing story. Unfortunately, the film, O Brother, Where Art Thou? , directed by the team of brothers, Ethan and Joel Coen, is not one such story as determined by the disappointing and idiotic differences to the original epic poem â€Å"The Odyssey†.The differences in the two were blaringly overwhelming in comparison to the similarities. In this case, the differences did not help in rewriting this incredible tale of â€Å"The Odyssey†. Even in the most deep, beautiful scenes such as Penelope, there was a distinct failure by the creators of the film. Pe nelope called for such romance and heart-lifting emotion, the crude joke of it was almost criminal. Even if the film was taken in a more serious direction, it would have only scraped the surface of such a beautiful epic poem.

The History, Aspects, and Impact of Computer Technology essays

The History, Aspects, and Impact of Computer Technology essays Computer users of today probably think computers have been developed within the 20th century. Surprisingly, computers originated before the birth of Jesus Christ. Computers are an essential part of each and every day in our modern life. They entertain, educate, assist in daily tasks and in many instances, fascinate us with their capabilities. They can be found almost everywhere. Computers are the basis for PDAs, which are used by many busy people to schedule their work and life appointments; air traffic control systems, that direct airplanes in their movement; satellites, that keep us in communication with the rest of the world; information systems which aid manufacturing, and in the systems which aid in health care. Computer technology has made rapid advances within the last seventy-five years. Lets examine the development of computers throughout history. A computer is a machine that performs rational calculations. A computer may be able to process information to perform repetitive tasks, as well as store information. Computers can be as simple as pebbles, systematically placed on stones, to as complex as massive machines, processing and storing large amounts of data. Computers may require many operators or operate without human intervention. Utilizing complex programs, computers can perform unimaginable tasks or perform large amounts of work in record speed. Throughout history, there have been many events that have influenced the development of computers. As early as 3000 B.C., clay tablets, holding pebbles in grooves for counting, were introduced within the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. In all essence, this was the first computer. Other historians argue that the first computer was the abacus, a counting tool. It originated in Egypt in 2000 B.C., approximately a millennium previous to reaching the Orient. Around this same time, Stonehenge observatory was constructed in England. All these wer...

Free Essays on Guns and Kids

Children younger than nine years old have been caught with guns in schools. In today’s society it is not unusual to pick up the newspaper and read a headline of a school shooting, or turn on the television and see the footage of body bags being carried out of a school. Gun related violence and our nations children has become a wide spread epidemic. Every 100 hours, more youth die on the streets than were killed in the Persian Gulf. This epidemic saturates not only the gang-ridden environment in America’s cities, but the supposedly more peaceful suburban world as well. In recent history youth disputes that were once settled with bloody noses and black eyes now end in gunshots. Kids are killing each other over a bump on the shoulder, a misinterpreted glance, romantic complications or flashy clothes. Much of the blame is directed toward the feet of media violence, Rambos killing at will. Some people believe that it is a reflection of how today’s children are being raised. Many inner-youths yield a â€Å"what the hell† attitude due to poverty and hopelessness. Family breakdowns seem to further fuel this epidemic. Statistics from a Baltimore public school student survey revealed that fifty-nine percent of males who come from a one-parent or no-parent home have carried handguns. The main reason this outbreak has become so widespread is the availability of guns. Some officials believe that tougher gun laws, such as the Brady bill, are going to solve the problem, but what many do not seem to realize is that kids aren’t getting guns legally. They are stealing them or in many cases buying them on the black market. The number of illegal guns in circulation has turned record numbers of everyday encounters into deadly ones. Headlines change daily, but still chillingly report the same thing. In Washington D.C. a fifteen year old is shot by his best friend. In New Haven, Connecticut, a fourteen year ol... Free Essays on Guns and Kids Free Essays on Guns and Kids Children younger than nine years old have been caught with guns in schools. In today’s society it is not unusual to pick up the newspaper and read a headline of a school shooting, or turn on the television and see the footage of body bags being carried out of a school. Gun related violence and our nations children has become a wide spread epidemic. Every 100 hours, more youth die on the streets than were killed in the Persian Gulf. This epidemic saturates not only the gang-ridden environment in America’s cities, but the supposedly more peaceful suburban world as well. In recent history youth disputes that were once settled with bloody noses and black eyes now end in gunshots. Kids are killing each other over a bump on the shoulder, a misinterpreted glance, romantic complications or flashy clothes. Much of the blame is directed toward the feet of media violence, Rambos killing at will. Some people believe that it is a reflection of how today’s children are being raised. Many inner-youths yield a â€Å"what the hell† attitude due to poverty and hopelessness. Family breakdowns seem to further fuel this epidemic. Statistics from a Baltimore public school student survey revealed that fifty-nine percent of males who come from a one-parent or no-parent home have carried handguns. The main reason this outbreak has become so widespread is the availability of guns. Some officials believe that tougher gun laws, such as the Brady bill, are going to solve the problem, but what many do not seem to realize is that kids aren’t getting guns legally. They are stealing them or in many cases buying them on the black market. The number of illegal guns in circulation has turned record numbers of everyday encounters into deadly ones. Headlines change daily, but still chillingly report the same thing. In Washington D.C. a fifteen year old is shot by his best friend. In New Haven, Connecticut, a fourteen year ol...

The top 5 retail jobs for 2018

The top 5 retail jobs for 2018 If you’re thinking about working in retail, it can be a great choice with lots of different ways to achieve your goals. Retail is one of the most versatile industries, with a constant, churning demand to meet ever-growing sales and customer needs. It’s also an industry where you can start laying out a career path that takes you up through the management level, or get that â€Å"right now† job while you figure out what your longer-term career plans are. It’s also a field that’s growing and diversifying quickly due to changes in technology and e-commerce, making it a broader field than ever before. Let’s look at some of the fastest-growing job opportunities in retail for the new year.1. Sales AssociateThink of this job as â€Å"retail classic,† especially if you’re just starting out. Sales associates are basically the boots on the ground in the retail industry, working out on the floor in brick-and-mortar stores to make sure that shelves are stocked, customers are being helped, sales are being made, and operations are running smoothly. It’s typically an hourly job, worked in shifts set by the store’s management. Working as a sales associate can mean working nights, weekends, and holidays, depending on the type of store.Working as a retail sales associate can be a major experience-builder, especially if you’re thinking about branching out into a more advanced career in the retail field.What you’ll need: There’s no official education level needed to become a sales associate, but some companies prefer high school graduates (or equivalent). Sales associates should have good organizational skills, trustworthiness, solid math skills, and excellent customer service skills- not to mention the patience it takes to help customers of all kinds. Most stores provide on-the-job training for new employees.How much they make: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), sales as sociates make a median annual salary of $22,900 per year, or $11.01 per hour. This can vary depending on experience and seniority.For more on how to snag retail associate jobs:6 Job Skills You Need to Be a Sales AssociateHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)2. Retail ManagerIf you’ve got some retail experience under your belt already, 2018 is a great time to start thinking about moving up into the managerial level. Retail managers are often responsible for managing teams of associates, or an entire store. Their day-to-day responsibilities may include scheduling staff, interviewing and hiring new staff, training employees, overseeing daily operations, monitoring sales and transactions, providing customer service as necessary, overseeing stocking and inventory, and opening and closing the store. Managers are also ambassadors for the store’s branding and corporate interests as well, making sure the store and the staff are operating within compa ny policies and working toward company goals.It’s a leadership job that requires a good deal of maturity and responsibility, particularly when it comes to handling store finances and making personnel decisions.What you’ll need: A high school diploma (or equivalent) at a minimum, and experience working in retail. Many stores hire and promote from within. Strong customer service skills are a must, but administrative skills are essential too, particularly organization, accounting, and both written and verbal communication.How much they make: According to PayScale.com, retail store managers make a median annual salary of $45,191, or $14.56 per hour.For more on how to snag retail management jobs:How to write a retail management resume (with examples)Retail Management: Your complete guide to starting your career3. Customer Service RepresentativeSometimes called â€Å"customer care† or â€Å"customer success† associates, these retail professionals are responsibl e for making sure customers are informed and happy with their purchases. In a brick-and-mortar store, that might mean manning a desk that handles returns and customer questions or issues. Otherwise, customer service associates may work remotely in call centers, fielding calls, emails, social media queries, or other types of outreach from customers. Customer service associates may be responsible for troubleshooting orders or shipment issues, processing returns or refunds, giving customers information about their product or the store, or providing technical support. In a world where customer feedback can be swift and harsh on social media, customer service professionals need to be more proactive and helpful than ever. It’s also a field that grows immensely, as the retail experience continues to expand from traditional stores to digital storefronts.What you’ll need: A high school diploma (or equivalent) at a minimum and stellar customer service skills. Customer service as sociates are often the ones dealing with irate or unhappy customers, so strong people skills are a crucial part of the job. Customer service associates should also be tech-savvy, since they may be working with customers in a variety of different communication formats, from multi-line phones to computer chat apps.How much they make: According to the BLS, customer service representatives make a median annual salary of $32,300 per year, or $15.53 per hour.For more on how to snag customer service jobs:Develop a solid career in customer serviceTop 10 Skills You Need for a Career in Customer ServiceYour Complete Guide to the Best Customer Service JobsThe top 12 hottest customer service jobs4. Online MerchandiserThis is a job that takes advantage of the e-commerce boom. Rather than working in a traditional store, you’d be working within a digital storefront to make sure that products are organized and displayed in a way to maximize ease and appeal to a customer. In a brick-and-morta r store, this job would mean organizing displays for maximum eye-catching and attention. In an online store, this role includes ensuring that product pages are organized in a logical, easy-to-read way; maximizing SEO and keyword searches to ensure that products are showing up in customer searches; and ensuring that product descriptions and necessary information are complete and readily available. Merchandisers may also coordinate sales and promotions, ensuring that customers are aware of the sales and that there is clear information on the site.What you’ll need: A high school diploma (or equivalent) at a minimum, though many companies prefer further education in business or merchandising. Data analysis skills are also a key element of the job, as you’d be making sure that the site’s offerings line up with customer needs and behavior.How much they make: According to PayScale.com, online merchandisers make a median annual salary of $56,839.For more on how to snag merchandising jobs:Top Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution5. Warehouse AssociateTagged by Forbes as earning one of the fastest-growing salaries, warehouse associates are another job that is fueled by the up-and-up-and-up growth in the e-commerce sector. The goods that people are ordering online have to live somewhere before they’re shipped, and warehouse associates are the ones receiving, processing, tracking, and shipping these products behind the scenes.Warehouse associates are typically responsible for tracking inventory, getting shipments ready to go out, processing incoming and outgoing shipments, and moving merchandise from one place to another. It’s a very hands-on kind of job- think forklift, not cubicle. It also may not be a 9-to-5 kind of gig, given the need to ship products fast after a purchase is made. Warehouse work often includes shifts at odd hours, as well as on weekends and holidays to make sure that orders are going out on schedule. If youà ¢â‚¬â„¢re interested in a job that can prepare you for a career in logistics as well as retail, this is a great place to start.What you’ll need: Most companies require a high school diploma (or equivalent). You’ll also need to be in good physical shape, with the stamina to work on your feet and lift heavy objects.How much they make: According to PayScale.com, warehouse associates make a median annual salary of $31,311, or $12.69 per hour.For more on how to snag warehouse associate jobs:6 top retail jobs this holiday season and how to get themTop Opportunities in the Online Retail RevolutionIf you want to work in a versatile, ever-developing field, it’s hard to go wrong with retail. It’s not always an easy job (what job working with the public is ever easy?), but if you’ve got a knack for customer service and an interest in business, it’s a field that will continue to grow in 2018.

People`s Points of View on the Gerrymandering Issue Article

People`s Points of View on the Gerrymandering Issue - Article Example This commentator laments the removal of a largely monolithic voting block from diverse Congressional districts to create ones with little or no opposition to elevate congressmen and congresswomen who may push their own agendas back home. He adds that only when both parties or the Courts realize the damage such gerrymandering has done to the country will the negative tenor of political debates eventually subside, but he is not banking on that possibility. The second commentator takes a more realistic view in expressing his favor of transparency. He claims that gerrymandering may be anti-democratic, but it is done by partisans who clearly show their partisanship. It is obvious to him that the public is aware of the political agenda of the candidates they elect and owns up to his preference for politicians whose motives are out in the open do the redistricting than other â€Å"unelected and accountable ‘worthies’† do so. He thinks that there is no such thing as an unbiased district map and that political preferences are built-in in some districts. The third and last commentator discussed the threat of extremism posed by gerrymandering. He claims that when parties have safe districts party extremists get elected, to the disappointment and dissatisfaction of the American electorate with Congress. He explains that the massive disappointment is caused by these extremists who are often unwilling to agree on policies set by the majority of the electorate since they are decided to firmly put their foot down on their own belief system. This last commentator believes that extremism in Congress is equivalent to most congressmen believing that it is more important to take a stand than to be effective as lawmakers.

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Literary Analysis - Essay Example The fact that everything is red is something Carson brings and uses. Everything about Geryon is red, as well as everything in Autobiography of Red. What does red mean? Is the book a personal history of the color red as composed by Anne Carson? Not likely. Red is a striking color, more striking than dark, or chestnut, or blue. Red is striking and peculiar and, accordingly, red is the ideal illustration for difference, which Carson uses throughout Autobiography of Red to convey Geryons part as an outsider, a test to the hetero-narrative. Geryon had, what most would say, a bad youth and, likely, a different one from his peers. His mother was well intentioned, however pointless, while his father was mostly absent. Geryons older sibling sexually abused him. Geryon was red even in his adolescence, as was every little thing about him, from the "red silk chalk" utilized by his instructors to the "dull pink air" that encompassed his home (Carson 26, 36). In Geryons personal history, he set down the facts believed about himself, above all else of which is that "Geryon was a monster whose every little thing about him was red" (Carson 37). Geryon was such a different individual, to the point that he would not take the conventional route to his classroom at school. He would stroll to the most distant end of the building and "stand still until somebody inside noticed and turned out to show him the way. He didnt move neither did he knock on the glass but little, red, and upright he held up† (Carson 25). When he was far fro m his peers, he stood and waited to be included in their games or activities. He was commonly known as the different one, the other. Having a contemporary hero who is actually red is, to a degree, a different thing from what people are used to. Yet, what difference is using red, as an analogy, if yellow or orange would work and are additionally striking shades? Geryon must be red or the analogy, primarily,

Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals Essay

Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals - Essay Example These respiratory diseases entail influenza (flu), pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB) and common cold among others. Another malady includes intestinal disease whereby transmission is through food or water that has contamination via urine or feces of a person who is infected or an animal. Example of these diseases includes cholera, dysentery and typhoid among others (Acha & Szyfres, 2001). On the same note, such infections are found in waters that people have been put in containers and used to prepare food. Additionally, these transmissions come because of poor water treatment and living in squalid conditions such as slums. These are places that do not have proper radiation control and environmental management. Alternatively, these diseases are caused by lack of insect and rodent control such as mice that feast on both feces and food inside the house. In the same respect, poor dumping techniques such as contaminated solid material either in rivers or in dumpsite spread these diseases. There fore, this calls for an urgent need to implement control factors to prevent contamination for human life. For example, it is essential to find better methods of dumping waste materials such as feces and dirty water in order to reduce transmission of the communicable diseases such typhoid and cholera among other diseases. Additionally, rodent and insect control should be reduced through use of anti rodents in order to reduce the transmission of contaminated materials and components consumed by human beings. In the same aspect, there should be effective swimming pool guidelines that ensure proper drainage to avoid contact of drinking water with bathing water (Heymann, 2008). Furthermore, effective solid waste management should be instituted through digging of toilets and latrines that do not encourage more contamination.

Forensics Research Project 3 Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forensics Project 3 - Research Paper Example The primary purpose of the computer forensic processing method would emphasize certain major factors namely image copying technology, defining principles underneath computer forensic method, formalizing most appropriate methodology in order to assemble as well as to examine the activities of the users and presenting alleged data or information to a court law. With this regard, the framework of this computer forensic method will mainly comply with four major processes that comprise acquisition, identification, evaluation and presentation (Craiger, n.d.). In relation to the provided case, it can be apparently observed that organizational resources have been misused by the staffs during the work schedule in terms of using computers, network and cell phones particularly for electronic gambling. This particular practice can unfavorably impact the overall performance of the organization through various ways. For instance, the misuse of such type of organizational resources can severely imp act on the organization’s performance and reduce its competencies to achieve the ultimate goals and objectives. Moreover, the practice can also negatively effect on time, cost as well as performance of each individual attached with the organization. Steps Required to Investigate, Document and Preserve Evidence The computer forensic process with respect to the provided case scenario will be focused on conservation, recognition along with extraction of computer media with the intention of protecting the organizational resources and intellectual property. In this regard, the major functions and the implications of different steps that can be involved within the computer forensic processing method have been demonstrated in the following discussion. Step1: Acquisition The acquisition step of the proposed computer forensic processing method can be referred to assess or to keep the track of each computer system within an organization. The process significantly helps to preserve deta il evidence of the users concerning their conduct of different activities in the organization (Organization of American States, 2011). In relation to the provided case scenario, the acquisition step within the forensic method will be focused on keeping the track of uninvited or unauthorized individuals through developing any technological system within the organization. The process would enable the administrators to track and assess the activities performed by the users through allocated systems. Moreover, the step will also involve the process of preserving data or information concerning the movement of each user through their systems and enable the administrators to prepare effective documentation regarding the misuse or fraud related activities performed by the employees. Additionally, the step would also facilitate to efficiently maintain effective information flow and help the organization to protect its resources and intellectual property by a certain degree. Step2: Identifica tion The identification step is generally defined as the process of analyzing various sorts of technological aspects that include physical and logical units of the systems that are executed in an organization. The step also involves presentation of different opinion in accordance with the relevance of the

The impact of Apple company stocks on the economy Essay

The impact of Apple company stocks on the economy - Essay Example Paradoxically, the institutional investors of Apple had a stock value of $427 billion whereas those of Microsoft had the stock value of only $172 billion. Apple saw the peak value of its shares worth $702.10 on 19 September 2012, but its fall as of 16 November 2012 has been quite as remarkable, when the value of its shares dropped to $505.75. A senior research analyst, Brian Colello said, â€Å"It's just amazing because it's such a large company. The company lost about $35 billion in market cap in one day. That's the size of some large-cap stocks† (Colello cited in O’Brien, 2012). The senior index analyst, Howard Silverblatt, said, â€Å"The impact on shareholders and on the economy is incredible. We've not seen anything like this in the modern trading era. Ever† (Silverblatt cited in O’Brien, 2012). People tend to understand the behavior of Apple’s stock by considering the bits of bad news, the questions and controversies about Apple’s compe tition and its market share, that in reality, have little to do with the Apple shares. According to Steven Milunovich, a UBS analyst, the rate of manufacture of Apple iPhones would decline in the first quarter of the year 2013 (NBC News, 2012). Milunovich expects Apple to produce 2 million fewer iPads and 5 million fewer iPhones till September 2013, though he expects Apple to be able to sell up to 41 million iPhones in the first quarter of the year 2013, followed by 36 million in the second quarter and 33 million in the third quarter of 2013. In addition to that, Milunovich also expects sale of about 21.7 million iPads, 24.5 million iPads, and 20.7 million iPads in the first, second, and third quarter of the year 2013 respectively. Nevertheless, â€Å"The extraordinary volatility is the result of Apple's strength. People try to blame the volatility on Apple's weaknesses† (Schwarz cited in O’Brien, 2012). Since the establishment of Apple Inc. as a company, there have be en mixed effects on the economy. Apple has conventionally had tremendous effect on the economy. This is evident from the fact that the sales of iPhone added anywhere from 0.25 to 0.5 percentage point to the growth rate of the US economy (Rushe, 2012). While on one hand, consumers have contributed a lot to the economy by buying the supplies and the different electronic gadgets that Apple has made available to them, on the other hand, companies competing with Apple have faced a decrease in the values of their shares and so have their shareholders and investors since Apple has outdone them in the sale of products. Since Apple has contributed immensely to the economy in the recent years, the economy has started to increasingly depend and rely on Apple. Accordingly, with the downfall of the value of Apple’s shares, the economy goes down as well. However, the downfall of the value of Apple’s stock is not expected to sustain for too long and is expected to rise again as soon as Apple introduces another innovative product into the market. â€Å"Whether it is an iTV, wearable computers, or another new product category, we have faith that innovation is not dead† (Milonovich cited in NBC News, 2012). Concluding, despite the apparent decline in the value of its shares in the recent weeks, Apple still remains the most valuable company among all in the world. However, the investors are becoming increasingly cautious regarding the future of the company and its ability to introduce

Human resources management (Employee Recruitment PRACTICES) SESSION Essay

Human resources management (Employee Recruitment PRACTICES) SESSION LONG PROJECT 1 - Essay Example The company was started with the mission of providing its customers with best products and services at reasonable prices. The company’s signature states its main aim and clearly highlights what the company has to offer to its customers – ‘Save Money. Live Better’. Wal – Mart’s focuses on its main values – Respecting individuals, Service to the customers and Striving for excellence (Wal-mart, 2008). Wal – Mart has over 971 discount stores, 2447 supercentres, 132 neighbourhood stores and 591 Sam’s club in the US at present. The company has seen immense growth and is spread over 14 countries with a total of almost 2.1 million employees. The company’s profits have been enormous. Wal – Mart has recorded revenues of over $378,799 million as of the year end January 2008. The company mainly earns its revenues from the United States; however it does face a lot of competition from both the local as well as the global retailers (Money Central, 2008). Wal – Mart holds such a high number of personnel in terms of their employee details. This is not an easy task and requires a high level of expertise. Wal – Mart realises that it is essential to have good people at work is a very essential aspect of every business. According to Lee Scott the CEO of the company, "To grow, we have to attract and retain good people" (Retail Merchandiser, 2003). With the increased globalisation and the increases expansion of Wal – Mart worldwide, the CEO believes that the rising standards and needs of this is clearly seen on the need for excellent quality employees. Wal – Mart’s chairperson also mentioned that the company provides for jobs to everyone across the globe with a choice of flexibility where the person can decide how much they want to do, i.e. either work in a small town and be content or move to a more faster and competitive metro. The company basically provides for

The impact of Apple company stocks on the economy Essay

The impact of Apple company stocks on the economy - Essay Example Paradoxically, the institutional investors of Apple had a stock value of $427 billion whereas those of Microsoft had the stock value of only $172 billion. Apple saw the peak value of its shares worth $702.10 on 19 September 2012, but its fall as of 16 November 2012 has been quite as remarkable, when the value of its shares dropped to $505.75. A senior research analyst, Brian Colello said, â€Å"It's just amazing because it's such a large company. The company lost about $35 billion in market cap in one day. That's the size of some large-cap stocks† (Colello cited in O’Brien, 2012). The senior index analyst, Howard Silverblatt, said, â€Å"The impact on shareholders and on the economy is incredible. We've not seen anything like this in the modern trading era. Ever† (Silverblatt cited in O’Brien, 2012). People tend to understand the behavior of Apple’s stock by considering the bits of bad news, the questions and controversies about Apple’s compe tition and its market share, that in reality, have little to do with the Apple shares. According to Steven Milunovich, a UBS analyst, the rate of manufacture of Apple iPhones would decline in the first quarter of the year 2013 (NBC News, 2012). Milunovich expects Apple to produce 2 million fewer iPads and 5 million fewer iPhones till September 2013, though he expects Apple to be able to sell up to 41 million iPhones in the first quarter of the year 2013, followed by 36 million in the second quarter and 33 million in the third quarter of 2013. In addition to that, Milunovich also expects sale of about 21.7 million iPads, 24.5 million iPads, and 20.7 million iPads in the first, second, and third quarter of the year 2013 respectively. Nevertheless, â€Å"The extraordinary volatility is the result of Apple's strength. People try to blame the volatility on Apple's weaknesses† (Schwarz cited in O’Brien, 2012). Since the establishment of Apple Inc. as a company, there have be en mixed effects on the economy. Apple has conventionally had tremendous effect on the economy. This is evident from the fact that the sales of iPhone added anywhere from 0.25 to 0.5 percentage point to the growth rate of the US economy (Rushe, 2012). While on one hand, consumers have contributed a lot to the economy by buying the supplies and the different electronic gadgets that Apple has made available to them, on the other hand, companies competing with Apple have faced a decrease in the values of their shares and so have their shareholders and investors since Apple has outdone them in the sale of products. Since Apple has contributed immensely to the economy in the recent years, the economy has started to increasingly depend and rely on Apple. Accordingly, with the downfall of the value of Apple’s shares, the economy goes down as well. However, the downfall of the value of Apple’s stock is not expected to sustain for too long and is expected to rise again as soon as Apple introduces another innovative product into the market. â€Å"Whether it is an iTV, wearable computers, or another new product category, we have faith that innovation is not dead† (Milonovich cited in NBC News, 2012). Concluding, despite the apparent decline in the value of its shares in the recent weeks, Apple still remains the most valuable company among all in the world. However, the investors are becoming increasingly cautious regarding the future of the company and its ability to introduce

The communication method (or channel) that you select should depend on your message Essay Example for Free

The communication method (or channel) that you select should depend on your message Essay Interactive or static should your communication be one-way or two-way? Interactive means a back-and-forth conversation; static means delivery of a message. What does your message require? Brainstorming and questioning require interactivity. Updates can be static. ï‚ · Personal or impersonal Personal means face-to-face, or on the phone. Impersonal communication is in writing. Does your communication require you to hear or see your customers or colleagues? Are you trying to build relationships? Will the tone of voice be important for this particular message? Are the ideas potentially confusing? Put some thought into whether your presence is a vital component of your message. 1. Assess what kind of audience you are communicating with. Keeping in mind all of the differences among specific audience and the various manners in which they perceive your messages – you must realize that the use of all communication channels is not desirable at all times. For example, when speaking to a CEO, provide him with relevant and short information. When speaking to employees with the lower status, feel free to explain what you have to say in more detail. When you need to be convincing, try to communicate personally. 2. Assess the real value of the message you want to communicate. You should never overload your audience with information of little relevance that seems important only to you because you will lose their support and they will start perceiving you as a nuisance who rarely has something important to say. By avoiding this rule you risk becoming irrelevant. 3. Check the cost level you can bear when selecting communication channels. You should be aware that indirect communication, for instance, becoming involved in various events or charity activities, requires the greatest investment. On the other hand, established interpersonal communication channels are much less expensive. 4. Assess whether your choice of a ​​communication channel is justified. For instance, why should employees in your organization learn new standards of operations through mass media? On the other hand, it is more worthwhile to plan certain stories in a targeted and controlled manner with journalists than to â€Å"drag† them through all media. 5. Assess the long-term sustainability of selected communication channels. It is not the same if you establish a successful long-term manner of communication that is recognized by the target audience and the one that receives positive feedback from the public or if we constantly communicate in the manner that you receive feedback from two people or one medium. Do not forget that in this manner you are developing your long-term public relations! When all of the stated factors are taken into consideration, you will easily arrive to conclusion that different audience responds to your message in different ways so they always must be considered separately and, often, communicated to differently and through differing channels and tools. Message customized for the audience The title of this section probably best summarizes the wisdom of selecting a right communication channel – communication must be conducted differently with various audiences. It is good to note that communication and PR activities should not be directed to the ‘general public’. They are aimed at carefully selected groups of people who are subdivisions of the vast general public – for example, stakeholders, shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, distributors, opinion makers, trade unions, institution representatives, Government members, media and many others. In terms of good communication with your key audience, it is preferable to become more â€Å"discriminating† towards your selection of desired audience. That means that communicating certain kinds of message only to selected audience is less wasteful and more successful. For the above-mentioned reasons, the usual methods of communication must be more and more adapted, which requires a greater use of tactics. Why? Simply because it is becoming increasingly challenging to transfer the message to specific section of the public from which we have concrete benefits and which can benefit from us. Everything else can be considered as a loss of our precious time.

Effect of Employee Empowerment on Customer Satisfaction

Effect of Employee Empowerment on Customer Satisfaction Employee empowerment and customer satisfaction is one of those terms that everyone thinks they understand, but few really do. Ask a dozen different people and youll get a dozen different answers to the question, What is employee empowerment? In fact,  research a dozen organizational theorists and youll get as many answers to the same  question. Some writers indicate that empowerment consists of sharing power and  authority. Others say that empowerment occurs when the organizations processes are  set-up to allow for it. If you keep in mind the secondary dictionary definition of to give  faculties or abilities to: enable (Grove, 1971, p.744), with all that this word implies, then  you will be on the right track for the purposes. Employee empowerment is a key feature of the modern management style. Empowered employees are expected to perform more effectively as compared to those working in  traditional or authoritarian organizational cultures. Empowered employees are more  motivated as compared to those who just follow the given lines. Employee  empowerment creates sense of belongingness and ownership towards the parent  organization. Empowered employee feel more confident and try to give their best to  their employers, as a result, service quality improves. Improved product or service  quality generally results into higher level of customer satisfaction. Higher level of  customer satisfaction results into a bigger sales volume resulting into an improved  profitability. Every business aims at earning profits; however profits and customer value  go hand in hand. In order to give maximum value to a customer, the service provider is  required to develop a sound understanding of the customer e xpectations. In the first part of this thesis, the authors will present the background to the problem,  which will then be specified in the second part. Further, the delimitations of this study  will be stated. After reading this first part, the reader will have gained a better  understanding of the research subject which leads to purpose and related research  questions guiding this study. 1.1 BACKGROUND Global markets have built a competitive environment in business. If the organizations  want to remain in the market, they must be inventive in lowering costs and value to  customers. So it is essential for an organization to utilize the full potential of its people. But the employees need power and control to make decisions to fulfill the customers  needs. According to (Cook, 1992) studies shown that people work with full energy when they  feel happy, even they are ready to sacrifice for organizations and give their blood to the  company. But when they feel valued and important. They show their involvement in the  business. (R Maxwell, 2005) Employees in a service organization and particularly, those who have  frequent contacts with the customer usually serve as representatives of both the  Organization and their products or services to the customer at contact point. The quality  of the service and the satisfaction the customer may derive will be an assessment of the  entire service experience. Employees who are empowered in an organization can either  portray a positive or negative picture to the customers. 1.2 PURPOSE STATEMENT The purpose of this survey based quantitative research is to determine and identify the  perception of employees about the employee empowerment in banking sector of  Pakistan. At what extent these organizations are practicing employee empowerment,  and how much this empowerment has impact on service quality and customer  satisfaction. In matters concerning financial commitments, investments and spending customers, not  only need reassurance that their finances are safe, but also that they are valued for  committing their stakes with a particular financial institution. Customers of a bank rely  on the services delivered to them by the bank whether they are saving depositing,  taking loans, cashing cheques or buying funds, they count on the employees  responsible for handling issues relating to them, to deliver high service quality in other  to increase their satisfaction. 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This research will provide a deep view to the implications of employee  empowerment to employees, government, employers, students and the general  public who have an interest in the study. The readers will be able to understand new relations between different variables  and conceptual understanding of these variables. They will read new concepts in  the context of banking sector e.g. organizational image, effectiveness and  efficiency and building trust. This research is targeted at the management of organizations within the banking  industry, and industries producing highly intangible-dominant services, as  suggestion regarding employee empowerment, which when practiced can  enhance customer satisfaction and create a good customer- perceived service  quality. 1.4 OBJECTIVES Main objectives of the study is to determine the impact of employee empowerment on  customer satisfaction in banking sector of Pakistan. General objectives: To determine the impact of employee empowerment on effectiveness and  efficiency. To determine the impact of employee empowerment on service quality. To determine the impact of employee empowerment on organizational image. 1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION What is the impact of employee empowerment on customer satisfaction in banking  sector of Pakistan? CHAPTER TWO LITRATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION Inside of todays unstable public and private sectors, external pressures from political,  environmental, social and technological sources require management to seek out,  evaluate and embrace, new planning, organizational and operating techniques to  remain on track in pursuit of their associations mission and long-term goals. Among  the myriad of proposed theories, models and plans submitted in the past decade to the  managerial community for possible acceptance and implementation is the concept of  employee empowerment. Within the spectrum of discussion on employee  empowerment, rhetoric inevitably mentions the relevant success or failure of  empowerment as a viable tool to upper management. According to (Kirkman, 1989) empowerment of employees is continuously growing  today in Europe. Multinationals have a great concern on empowerment of employees. Empowerment increase employee motivation and positive orientation towards his work  role and finally results in higher productivity.(Watson,2003)over the past few years,  traditional management has gone and new democratic approaches has takes its place. Employee empowerment, which came up in 1990s, is known as one of the new  management concepts. (Hanold, 1997) However, when the relevant literature is  analyzed, this concept is understood to have a longer history than previously thought  with its roots Human Rights Movement of 1950 and 1960s, empowerment has rather  closely related to the various concepts and techniques designed to democratize the  work-place. 2.1 EFFECTIVENESS EFFICIENCY (Conger, Kanangu, 1988) management researchers and practitioners have keen  interest in concept of empowerment and related management practices. This interest is  due to several reasons. First studies on leadership and managerial skills suggest that  the practice of empowering subordinate is a principal component of managerial and  organizational effectiveness. Second analyses of power and control within organization  reveals that the total productive form of organizational power and effectiveness grow  with superior sharing of power and control with subordinates. (Mayers, 1987)  employees are effective performers when they are empowered. Because it is the fact  that the employees who have authority to take decisions perform better. And utilize the  resources of the organization efficiently. 2.2 SERVICE QUALITY In banking organizations, the general offering in a particular industry is averagely  similar, even though they may engage in different approaches to achieving a  differentiation from the others, to be able to gain more market share and customers in  the industry. According to (Gooronos, 2001), that almost any retailing bank can provide  an individual with retailing services, but not every bank manages to treat customers in a  way that they are pleased with. Service providers therefore seek to differentiate themselves from their rivals by offering customers higher quality of services than their  competitors, which makes the basis of their competition to be defined by their services. (K.Sen, 2008)The nature of services as being intangible, heterogeneous, perishable,  produced, and consumed at same time makes it peculiar to deliver, and challenging to  organizations to achieve a differentiation from the others. 2.3 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (Spetz, Butler; 2008)In the past years the competition in the banking sector is  increasing. There is more choice for the customers and thereby the banks have to work  harder to attract customers. (Peter, Waterman, 1982) focused that good organizations  align their strategies and goals to the requirement s of their customers .One way is to  care employees and empower them. (George 1992)There exists an interaction between  the desired results and customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHADOLOGY 3.0 INTRODUCTION Research methodology is defined as the analysis of the principles of methods, rules,  and postulates employed by a discipline or the development of methods, to be applied  within a discipline or a particular procedure or set of procedures. It should be noted that  methodology is frequently used when method would be more accurate. Methodology  includes the following concepts as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry: 1. A collection of theories, concepts or ideas. 2. Comparative study of different approaches. 3. Critique of the individual methods. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods; rather it refers to the rationale  and the philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study. This is why scholarly  literature often includes a section on the methodology of the researchers. Another key,  although arguably imprecise, usage for methodology does not refer to research or to the  specific analysis techniques. This often refers to anything and everything that can be  encapsulated for a discipline or a series of processes, activities and tasks. Research is the search for knowledge through objectives and systematic method of  finding solutions to a problem. It is an original contribution to the existing stock of  knowledge making for its advancement. It is also pursuit of truth with the help of study  observation comparison and experiment and it is the science of studying how a  research is done. This chapter outlines the various stages of the research  methodology. Namely sampling procedures, data collection methods, questionnaire  design and coding of questionnaire etc. 3.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY For the purpose of this research, questionnaire-filling strategy is chosen. Primary data  will be collected through the survey questionnaire. The required information was  collected from the selected areas of Lahore in Pakistan, in order to have a complete  knowledge and insight about the activities of the banking. The study will involve a sampling of 130 individual customers of banking from a Lahore  in Pakistan. CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 TIME SCALE The following Gantt chart represents the estimated time the researcher plans on  covering the research. November December January February No ACTIVITY 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Submission of proposal waiting 1 for approval 2 Read literature 3 Introduction objectives of study 4 Draft literature review 5 Draft methodology Write questionnaire, send 6 questionnaire 7 Updating chapter 1 2 analysis Draft submission, review of all 8 chapters 9 Conclusion abstract 10 Final review of all chapters 11 Final draft submission 4.1 TIME A time resource, available is approximately 3 months (Beginning from proposal  approval) and its management has been planned as shown in the Gantt chart above,  from the Gantt chart. 4.2 COST The cost of whole research is fully sponsored be researcher. This includes all costs  incurred, inclusive of printing, transport, and communication costs. 4.3 OTHER RESOURCES Other resources that the researcher is planning to use are SPSS version 16.0 for this  analysis and other statistic analytical tools.

Culture of Fear Essay example -- Frank Furedi Western Culture Essays

Culture of Fear Culture of Fear, by Frank Furedi, is a book that looks at how widespread fear impacts Western cultures like the United States and Great Britain. Frank Furedi believed that society tends to panic too much, as we actually enjoy "an unprecedented level of safety." I admit that Frank Furedi's novel is based upon a novel concept, and an interesting one at that. However, Frank Furedi comes off to me as little more than a fear monger and an intellectual elitist. His book, to me, seems redundant more often than not. But sometimes part of college is learning about points of view that you may not agree with, so I tried to maintain that perspective when I read the book. Our assignment for class was to read the book, and every week or so we would write a reading log about a particular chapter. This was beyond a doubt a very difficult assignment for me. It involved reading a book I neither liked nor understood completely, and the writing logs seemed to never end. It was kind of a drag writing every week, and I usually procrastinated until the day it was due. The saving grace of the assignment was that the reading logs were informal, and for that I am grateful to my professor. I suspect that a major point in having regular logs was for all of us in class to have practice in regularly writing. The other point was to help us understand the concepts behind analyzing texts. We were given the liberty to write any random thought that we could conceive. Spelling and grammar did not count, and I believe that as long as we used thought and effort, then the teacher was satisfied. As a result, my logs are indeed far from professional. There may be occasional spelling errors, some swearing, and some pretty damn bizarre thoughts. ... ...n't paranoid of HIV, then this could happen, just one of the many cases of HIV infected people infecting many other people: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1111/is_n1778_v297/ai_20952867 Political correctness was also mentioned. I think many people, especially in white America, are sick of PC. While America is a big melting pot, it would be nice if there was a lot more conformity. At least make English the official language. In post-9/11 America, racial profiling in under the gun. People say we can't use it because it isn't PC. I say fuck PC. If you take all emotion out of the situation, and focus on statistical fact and scientific information, then if racial profiling works, why take away a successful tool from law enforcement? Most middle-easterners are not terrorists, but most terrorists are middle-easterners. What's wrong with acknowledging that?

Use of Aphorisms in Steinbecks The Winter of Our Discontent :: essays research papers

In John Steinbeck’s classic novel The Winter of Our Discontent, one can find many general truths and principles, also known as aphorisms. Ethan Allen Hawley, the main character, seems to gift the reader with another aphorism at the turn of every page, but some of these sayings may be considered more remarkable than others. One of the more noteworthy aphorisms is a statement made by Ethan at the end of chapter 6: â€Å"To be alive at all is to have scars†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While this may not be the theme that Steinbeck concentrates on the most, it is surely one of the most important. Ethan is the most prominent example of this, as he has suffered many misfortunes in his life. Every other mature character in the book also carries these emotional scars; scars on one’s morality, character, and soul. Perhaps what the author was trying to convey is that from the moment one is born, one knows pain and suffering. However, many of these wounds heal with time, and become the scars of the past. Ethan compares the scars that his lack of morality will bring to the scars that his failure has produced, but the truth is that these are not scars at all, but injuries that time will not heal, and conscience will only make worse. His wounds will never mend, they will weigh down on him until drastic measures must be taken to escape the constant reminders of what he has done. Ethan considers and then nearly commits suicide, but he realizes that n o matter what he has done, his daughter needs him above anything else. So he must go on living, scar after scar becoming layers upon layers of discontent on his heart.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every human being on earth accumulates scars of this nature. From errors made in the past come forth blemishes on the soul that serve as permanent reminders of one’s mistakes, and the scars provide maps to roads not to be taken again.

Essay on Plants on Earth

Plants and humans are perhaps the most important organisms, however, us humans, have caused the death of thousands of plants by starting fires and by cutting down trees for things such as paper and furniture. Plants make oxygen which is very important for our survival; we can't live without it. In the year 2003 alone, 774500 acres of land, that contained not only threes but animals too, were burned in California (Jane Strong, 2003). Some of this land was burned due to natural fires but some of it was probably cause by humans that weren't careful enough.These fires do only kill threes and animals sometimes even other people are harmed. People also cut down threes to make furniture and other things needed for construction. As I look around my house I can see that a lot of the things I have, are made of wood. The chair I'm sitting on, the pencils I use to write, the dining table, and even the house is made of wood. It was then that I thought about how many threes had to be cut down just to make my house. How many threes had to be cut down to make all of the houses in Arlington.People also waste a lot of paper without thinking that they are killing threes; people should recycle and think twice when they waste paper. As the number of people in the world increases, the need for wood increases too. Food companies as well as the companies who cut down threes need to look for ways to make plants grown faster in order to satisfy the need for wood. People have to grow a higher number of plants than the number they cut down. This is necessary because if they number of plants in the world is too low there would be too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; this would be harmful to us because they air would be contaminated.Many food companies use chemicals to make their plants grow faster; they also use chemicals to make their plants stronger against insects and some diseases. Some people do not want to buy these products because they think that they do not have as many nutr ients and vitamins as they would have if they would have been water with normal water. Plants have to be watered with water that has no chemicals. This is good because it ensures that the water doesn't have any chemicals that could harm the consumers and that they would be natural.These chemicals sometimes change the taste of the vegetables or fruits. Plants need water so they can grow. It's very possible that the type of water that is used to water the plant may affect the growth rate of the plants. Finding the appropriate type of water would be a great help for farmers who want their plants to grow as fast as possible. The type of water that is used to water a plant is an important factor. This may be what the companies that make vegetables and the companies that cut down threes might want to change, in order to make all of the plants grow faster.This would be a great help for them because it would give them the opportunity to produce more threes without harming the environment. F inding a way to make plants grow faster without using chemicals is something people should be concerned about, because its plants that give us the air we breathe. Plants are also a very important source of food. If the right type of water is be found the plant growth would be increased, therefore the number of plants would increase and the food as well as the wood companies wouldn't have to worry bout the number of threes.

Blood Pressure Among Youth Uae Health And Social Care Essay

Background and Aims: Young person is a vulnerable group for developing about all life-style related diseases. The present cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure the determiners of blood force per unit area among entry twelvemonth pupils in a medical university in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Methods: One hundred and 10 pupils from Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE participated in the survey. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for informations aggregation. Predictive Analytic Software 17 was used for informations analysis. Chi-square trial, Univariate and multivariate logistic arrested development were used. Consequences: Variables such as baccy usage, continuance of slumber, Body Mass Index, and gender were considered to measure the association with blood force per unit area. The average age of the pupils was 19 old ages with a SD of 1.9 old ages. The average systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area was 113.5 ( SD 12. ) and 73.7 ( SD 11.2 ) severally with average BMI of 24.9 ( SD 5.7 ) . A statistically important association was observed between gender and blood force per unit area ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . The petroleum Odds Ratio ( OR ) observed for sleep continuance and blood force per unit area was found statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) , but the adjusted OR was non statistically important. Of the participants who sleep for more than 6 hours, bulk ( 70 % ) have normal blood force per unit area. About half of the participants who slept for less than 6 hours have pre-hypertension and/ or high blood pressure. There was statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) a ssociation between Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and blood force per unit area ( BP ) . The average BMI among those with normal BP was 23.25 kg/m2 with a SD of 4.6 and those with pre-hypertension and/ or high blood pressure was 27.6 kg/m2with a SD of 6.5. Decision: Gender and BMI are the important factors associated with Blood force per unit area. The findings may be used to make schemes to leave consciousness of the dangers of increased blood force per unit area among corpulent and non corpulent pupils.Introduction:High blood pressure is a major public wellness job of concern across the universe because of its association with increased hazard of cardiovascular diseases. Youth ( 15 to 24 old ages ) is an of import period of growing and ripening, and most of the alterations that occur during this period are continued into adulthood1. Essential high blood pressure may hold its beginnings in early life and its co-morbidities are surely a major load on resources, and they cut down the productiveness of those affected with hypertension2. Prospective surveies have established increased left ventricular mass and peripheral opposition, with high blood force per unit area in childhood3-4. Raised BP in childhood has been recognized as one of the most of import forecasters of grownup high blood pressure. This has generated an involvement among research workers to look into the form of blood force per unit area and its determiners in childhood and adolescence5-6. Several surveies have shown that the degree and form of blood force per unit area among kids and striplings vary from population to population7. Growth patterns, age and gender have strong influence on blood pressure7. It has been estimated that by 2010, 1.2 billion people will endure from high blood pressure worldwide8. The prevalence of high blood pressure norms 26 % and it affects about 125 million persons, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region9. The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) is in a period of passage. Equally tardily as the 1960s mobile Bedouin Arabs were the population of UAE. The find of oil in 1970s has made a dramatic alteration in the demographic profile with exiles representing more than 80 % of the population and in the life style of its people. Now the UAE is a modern, affluent society, to a great extent influenced by Western life forms, including a sedentary life style with high Cardiovascular Diseases ( CVD ) hazard profiles10. Indeed, CVDs are known to be the taking cause of morbidity and mortality in the UAE among both the subjects and expatriates11. Of peculiar concern is the prevalence of fleshiness, which reaches about 24 % among medical students12 with reported high emphasis degrees ( 65 % ) , unhealthy diets ( 50 % ) and low degrees of physical activity ( 77 % ) which is possibly attributable to cultural and climatic restrictions13. Smoking has increased among men14-16. High blood pressure is besides comm on with a reported prevalence of 19-25 % 17, 15.3 % in urban and 10.6 % rural population 18. The 15-24 old ages age is an of import developmental phase in the life span of persons as it is a passage period to maturity. In Ajman, there is a deficiency of informations about determiners of high blood pressure among young person. This information is of import in be aftering life manner alterations. Therefore, the present survey was an effort to measure the determiners of blood force per unit area such as gender, academic programme in which enrolled, baccy usage, figure of repasts and BMI among pupils in a medical university in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.Methodology:This survey was conducted among entry twelvemonth pupils in a Medical University of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Students enrolled in Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Allied ( Pharmacy and Physical Therapy ) academic programmes during the twelvemonth 2009-2010 were included in the survey. Among 160 entry degree pupils 110 pupils participated in the survey with a reponse rate of 69 % . Verbal consent was obtained from the participants before the survey. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among them to obtain information on socio -demographic features, physical activity, wonts, diet history, day-to-day kiping wonts and household history of metabolic upsets. Their tallness, weight and blood force per unit area were recorded. The tallness was measured on a perpendicular graduated table with heels, natess, and occiput against the wall and caput in Frankfurt plane, to the nearest 0.5 centimeter. Weight was measured on a weighing graduated table with standard lower limit vesture to the nearest 0.5 kilogram. Body Mass Index was calculated utilizing the expression – weight ( in kilogram. ) divided by height2 ( in mtr. ) . Classification of BMI was done based on the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) criteria into three classs: normal ( BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg m-2 ) , fleshy ( BMI = 25-29.9 kg m-2 ) and corpulent ( BMI i‚? 30 kg m-2 ) . Blood force per unit area was measured by same squad and interpreted as per the blood force per unit area guidelines, issued in 2003 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Ins titute as shown below19. Class Systolic Blood Pressure millimeter of Hg Diastolic Blood Pressure in millimeter of Hg Normal 120 less than 80 less than Prehypertension 139-120 89-80 1stage High blood pressure 159-140 99-90 2Hypertension phase 160 more than 100 more than Descriptive statistics such as agencies, standard divergence were used to sum up the quantitative variables. Proportions and per centums were used to sum up categorical variables. Chi-square trial examined the relationship between biological variables such as corpulence, fleshiness and non-biological factors. A p-value? 0.05 was considered as statistically important.Consequences:Table-1 Distribution of Blood Pressure harmonizing to different variables Variables Group Blood Pressure Entire Significance Normal Pre/Hypertension No.%No.%Gender Female 59 70.2 25 29.8 84 & A ; lt ; 0.05 Male 10 38.5 16 61.5 26 Program MBBS 28 54.9 23 45.1 51 Nitrogen Allied 24 77.4 7 22.6 31 Doctor of dental medicine 17 60.7 11 39.3 28 Sleep continuance & A ; lt ; 6 hour 20 50.0 20 50.0 40 & A ; lt ; 0.05 & A ; gt ; =6 hrs 49 70.0 21 30.0 70 Tobacco usage Yes 3 37.5 5 62.5 8 Nitrogen No 66 64.7 36 35.3 102 Number of repasts 2 repasts 35 61.4 22 38.6 57 Nitrogen & A ; gt ; 2 repasts 34 64.2 19 35.8 53 Body mass index & A ; lt ; =30 63 68.5 29 31.5 92 & A ; lt ; 0.005 & A ; gt ; 30 6 33.3 12 66.7 18 Table 1 shows the distribution of blood force per unit area harmonizing to different variables. With respect to gender, 29.8 % females and 61.5 % males were either pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. There was a statistically important association between gender and blood force per unit area ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . The association between continuance of slumber and blood force per unit area was found to be statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . 70 % of those who slept for 6 hours or more and 50 % of those who slept for less than 6 hours had normal blood force per unit area. There was no statistically important difference in the blood force per unit area of pupils from the different academic programmes. Tobacco usage and figure of repasts consumed besides did non demo statistically important association with blood force per unit area. However, there were merely eight baccy users of whom five had pre-hypertension or high blood pressure while among the non users, three were holdi ng pre-hypertension or high blood pressure. Among the participants with BMI & A ; gt ; 30, 66.7 % had pre-hypertension or high blood pressure whereas among those with BMI & A ; lt ; 30, merely 31.5 % were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. The association between BMI and blood force per unit area was statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) . The average BMI among those with normal BP was 23.25 with a SD of 4.6, while among those with pre-hypertension or high blood pressure was 27.6 with a SD of 6.5. Table 2 Multivariate logistic arrested development analysis of factors associated with high blood pressureFactorsGroupNumberAdjusted Oddss Ratio95 % CIP valueBody mass index 110 1.14 1.05 – 1.23& A ; lt ; 0.002Gender Female 84 1—Male 26 3.30 1.24 – 8.78& A ; lt ; 0.02Sleep continuance & A ; gt ; 6 hour 70 1—& A ; lt ; 6 hour401.900.78 – 4.64NitrogenFor farther analysis, the important variables from the chi-square trial such as BMI, gender, and sleep continuance were included. Logistic arrested development analysis was performed to happen the petroleum and adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) . BMI was taken every bit uninterrupted variable and gender and sleep continuance as categorical variables. The adjusted odds ratio for BMI was 1.14 which was statistically important. There is 14 % increased opportunity for acquiring pre-hypertension or high blood pressure for a unit addition in BMI. Among the male gender, the adjusted odds ratio was 3.3 which was statistically important. The opportunity of acquiring pre-hypertension and/ or high blood pressure for male gender was 3.3 times more compared to female gender. The petroleum odds ratio for sleep continuance was 2.3 and was statistically important but when adjusted with other factors it was non statistically important. Table 2 shows the inside informations of logistic arrested development analysis.Discussion:Surveies have reported sex differences in BP with males holding higher BP than females during stripling and early adulthood20-21. Smith and Rinderknecht study that older male childs have significantly higher BP than girls22. Kusuma et Al and Schall observed that work forces possess higher BP degrees than females23-24. The present survey besides supports the observation made by other writers in this regard. Gender difference in the infective mechanisms in indispensable high blood pressure is available in the literature. The high prevalence of high blood pressure in younger work forces compared to adult females is explained on the footing of the deficiency of endogenous estrogen. Evidence suggests that estrogen may modulate vascular endothelial map, doing vasodilatation. This may be one ground for adult females holding lower blood force per unit area compared to men25. Previous surveies demonstrated that high blood pressure increased significantly as BMI increased26-29. Srinivasan et al reported that BMI or cardinal adiposeness are the cardinal determiners of high blood force per unit area which appear at an early age. The survey besides emphasizes the function of weight decrease in the bar of hypertension30. A survey conducted among striplings observed that BMI is associated with arterial hypertension31. Reich et al. study that BMI is a strong forecaster of high blood pressure than waist-hip ratio32. Study by Berenson et Al. observed high BMI as one of the strongest hazard factors for hypertension33. The present survey besides supports the observation made by other writers with respect to BMI. Presently, there is small direct grounds to explicate the function of fleshiness in high blood pressure. Davy and Hall point out that high BP in corpulent worlds may be due to higher degree of adiposity34. BMI measures fleshiness and is associated with incre ased arterial stiffness and assorted hemodynamic alterations that may lend to hypertension35-38. Jervase et Al. reported differences in BP between males and females, with males holding higher systolic and diastolic BP than the females. The survey besides observed that gender and BMI were the important determiners of high blood pressure among university students39. A survey by Chirinos et Al. reported that increasing BMI was associated with a significantly increased hazard of high blood pressure and the Odds Ratio for high blood pressure, for every 5-unit addition in BMI, was 1.58. The survey concluded that younger individuals with high blood pressure were more likely to be corpulent compared with older individuals with hypertension40. In the present survey OR for high blood pressure was 1.14, which revealed that for every one unit addition in BMI, the opportunity of high blood pressure is 14 % more, which is similar to the findings of Chirinos et Al. In the present survey, when analyzing the association between BMI and high blood pressure, physical activity may be a contradictory factor, but physical activity was non taken in to account in this survey. There was no association between blood force per unit area and other hazard factors like baccy usage and sleep continuance. With respect to kip continuance, before seting to other confusing variables, the petroleum odds ratio of 2.33 was observed, but the adjusted OR observed was non statistically important. Gangwisch et al41 reported that less sleep continuance significantly increased the hazard of high blood pressure in topics 32 to 59 old ages of age. Gottlieb et al42 observed that sleep continuance per dark is associated with an increased hazard of high blood pressure, which is non supported by the findings of the present survey. This consequence may non be representative of all university pupils as the present survey involves merely one university and the little sample size. T his probe highlights the demand for a countrywide survey among young person.Decision:The consequences of this survey provide an penetration into the apprehension of the association between gender, BMI and blood force per unit area among our entry degree pupils. The consequences may be used to develop messages to raise consciousness about the dangers of high blood force per unit area and its determiners among pupils. This consequence may non be representative of all university pupils as the present survey involves merely one university. This probe highlights the demand for a countrywide survey among young person.