Good Kings, Bad Kings - 1208 Words

Disability, by definition is â€Å"a physical or mental condition that limits a person s movements, senses, or activities;† it is an impairment that restricts an individual s ability to participate in normal routines in their everyday society. The term disability frightens able-bodied individuals because it challenges their own beliefs regarding normality and more importantly, their own vulnerability. As the years have progressed, however, disability has become an umbrella term that is used to categorize individuals who don’t abide to society’s norms; it is used to marginalize individuals as the weaker self. As a result, those who are disabled are thrown into institutions—ostracized from all of society. Susan Nussbaum’s novel â€Å"Good Kings, Bad Kings† focuses on an institution through the perspective of patients and workers, each with their own story to tell. While the novel implores and explores various themes throughout the characterâ₠¬â„¢s dialogue as prevalent throughout the novel, one striking theme that Nussbaum explores is the theme of the institution as a dumping grounds for children with disabilities. Both â€Å"A Pupil and a Patient† by Brad Byrom and â€Å"Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History† by Douglas C. Baynton address the issue of disability injustice in institutional settings. All of these readings are similar in that they approach disability as an impairment made by society, and not necessarily the individual. Nussbaum’s novel depicts life as anShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s King Of The Good And Bad Of Human Nature1338 Words   |  6 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s play King Lear, similar to most of his pieces, he manages to build an intricate storyline, weaving in and out of the good and bad of human nature. Shakespeare also highlights the development of identity in results to hardship and utilizes characters, such as Lear the protagonist to create emphasis. Lear, who is ridden with a naà ¯ve and un-insightful personality plunges himself head first into an avoidable misfortune leads him to the loss of his kingship, his relationship withRead MoreThe Reigns Of David, Hezekiah And Josiah1149 Words   |  5 Pagesof being under the rule of judges, the Israelites finally ask Samuel to appoint a king, making Israel like most other nations being ruled as monarchies. This request leads to the appointing of the first king of Israel, Saul, followed by centuries of kings (1 Sa muel 8-9). A large majority of these kings have been deemed to be â€Å"bad† kings, leaving only a small handful to be considered â€Å"good.† In general, these kings are given such labels for their actions and policies throughout their time of powerRead MoreThe Characteristics Of George Washington As A Good King906 Words   |  4 Pagescould guide them like a king without creating a power vacuum, who could lead with respect without becoming corrupt, and who could put the future of the country beyond his own desires; America’s future was reliant on a leader who had these qualities. Luckily, the first president, George Washington, acted as the â€Å"good king† America heavily needed. Like Hrothgar, a good king in Beowulf, George Washington reflects similar characteristics of bravery and prominence. Hrothgar, king of the Danes, is referredRead MoreKing John854 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿WAS KING JOHN REALLY A BAD KING? King John is one of the most well-known figures in history because he has forever been portrayed as a wicked, vile ruler of England, who taxed the country out of everything they had and despised his own people. In this essay, I aim to prove that King John wasn’t really a bad king because although he did have a bad personality, all the problems he faced were mostly caused by his father and brother also he also did some good deeds therefore he was actually a good, badRead MorePolitical Power During The Time Of Sophocles King Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesexamples of political power in his plays and these examples have many connections to people or things. In King Oedipus, we see an arrogant and very mean king. He cares about what the people need and want but he is arrogant and mean about it at the same time. He is also very paranoid about the people around him. During the time of King Oedipus, the king literally controlled everything. Kings during this time often relied on o thers when it came to making decisions such as the gods. We can ask manyRead MoreKing Arthurs Downfall Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst-born son of King Uther Pendragon, so he would be next to the throne once his father died. But for his son’s protection from the Saxon invaders, King Uther had Arthur raised outside of the castle and had his identity kept a secret (â€Å"History†). A wizard named Merlin, who later became Arthur’s advisor when he became king, raised Arthur. The Legend of King Arthur is just a mixture of myths and history. Although King Arthur may or may not have been real, he was a legendary monarch. King Arthur gainedRead MoreComparison of Hamlet and the Lion King991 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Lion King, Minkoff and Allers present a clear difference between good and evil, whereas Shakespeare’s depiction of good and evil character in Hamlet is not so clear. The characters in The Lion King are categorised almost immediately in the orientation of the film, with the image of the characters giving the audience a clear picture of who the suspected betrayer is. However in the play Hamlet it’s a lot more difficult to label the characters as good or evil, the audience cannot be certainRead Morequestions for scene 1 2 3 macbeth1232 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Macbeth Act 1 SCENE 1 1. What atmosphere is established in this scene? Scary and bad and dark and rainy 2. What purpose does this scene serve? Something bad is going to happen in the future 3. Explain the concluding heroic couplet? Fair and foul are important throughout the story. it shows that somehow Macbeth and the witches are connected. Something good and bad could be happening at the same time    SCENE 2 1. Why is King Duncan so pleased with Macbeth? Because he has won victory after victory 2.Read MoreMacbeth Theme Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe play, Macbeth, Macbeth and his wife kill the king of Scotland so Macbeth can become king. As a result, of the witches since they told him about the prophecy and how he would become king. He eventually does more evil things which fills Lady Macbeth with guilt. She ends up killing herself and Macbeth ends up dying. In the play, there are numerous of themes that you can see and examples that you can find. There are five themes that we have discussed in class which are ambition, guilt, things areRead MoreOne of the most important themes in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare comes from one of the600 Words   |  3 Pagesdeception and doing evil in the name of good. We see that even from the beginning the unfolding events and themes can all be predicted through these first few lines in Act 1 Scene 1, events and themes that surround Macbeth’s eventual demise. This line ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair,’ is important to the play Macbeth. When the witches spoke there line for the first time it looked like they were speaking plainly, that the line meant, what is fair or good, for the witches is foul or evil like

Human Overpopulation - 1505 Words

Overpopulation of Humans The impact of human activity on the environment is catastrophically devastating and destructible. Assisting to that destruction is the increasing number of people that make up the worlds population today. Overpopulation is the condition of giving birth to a number of people living on earth that over exceeds the amount of space, resources and land found on our planet. According to reports from the United Nations (2007), â€Å"World population is currently growing by approximately 75 million people per year.† Such growth should be considered alarming and a possible threat to people as well as our environment. Humans all over the world must understand that these changes in population growth will foreshadow many changes†¦show more content†¦According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the transportation sector is the second largest source of CO2 emissions in the U.S. Automobiles and light-duty trucks account for almost two-thirds of emissions from the transportation sector and emissions have steadily grown since 1990. Other sources of transportation emissions are freight trucks, aircraft, trains and boats. Emissions from transportation depend on the number of trips or miles traveled by each type of vehicle each year, which are in turn influenced by larger economic trends and consumer behavior. Over the long term, changes in the fuel efficiency of vehicles (e.g., mileage), and in the type of fuel used can also influence the level of emissions. (2007) Controlling and managing this type of pollution requires far more than what people can ever imagine. A number of approaches attempting to take air pollution serious have already been implemented by government and other environmental agencies. Education and encouragement from the human population as a whole can make a difference. Deforestation Deforestation is the destruction of woodlands and forests permanently. The removal of trees in forests and woodlands has given a result of a degraded environment with a condensed biodiversity. Trees are known toShow MoreRelatedHuman Overpopulation1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of overpopulation has different perspectives regarding whether or not it is happening as well as its apparent effects of both the environment and its inhabitants. The idea of human overpopulation being a problem most clearly begins around the time of Thomas Robert Malthus’ publishing of An Essay on the Principle of Population as It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers. In his writing, Malthus describesRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Overpopulation1122 Words   |  5 PagesHuman overpopulation is mostly the most urgent environmental issues, the forces behind global warming , environmental pollution, habitat loss, t he sixth mass extinction, intensive farming practices and the consumption of finite natural resources, such as fresh water, land and fossil fuels, at speeds faster than their rate of regeneration. however, ecological issues are just the beginning . Overpopulation is the state where the human population rises to an extent completing the carrying size of theRead MoreThe Overpopulation Of Humans And Animals857 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many articles and newspapers about how bad the world is becoming overpopulated. The overpopulation of humans and animals is a constant threat to people way of life on earth. Monbiot states, â€Å"The growth in human numbers, they say, is our foremost environmental threat† (Monbiot 1). Suggestions for extending women’s reproductive choices should be made, and the world population would drop dramatically because of this. George states, â€Å"If this need were answered, the impact of population growthRead MoreOverpopulation And Its Effects On Human Overpopulation1103 Words   |  5 Pagessocially and environmentally. Overpopulation happens when there are too many people and not enough resources. The key to solving overpopulation is to find and retain the perfect size for the popu lation before it is too late and all the natural resources are consumed or ruined. The world population is rapidly increasing†¦ â€Å"[w]ith over 7 billion people living on the planet today and estimates reaching between 8 and 11 billion by 2050 and up to 15 billion by 2100, the human population will continue toRead MoreOverpopulation : Sustainability Of Human Life1438 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: Sustainability of Human Life Overpopulation, in my belief, is becoming one of the foremost problems facing human civilization. This complex, permeating issue will likely prove to be a problem of paramount importance for all people in the future. Overpopulation is a serious global issue that is often overlooked by most people. This is likely due to lack of knowledge and fast paced distracting lifestyles we embrace this day and age. While it is not a common problem or subject we speakRead MoreHuman Overpopulation Essay1969 Words   |  8 Pagesthe severity of the issue but shows that no country will escape. A war for water would cause Israels financial and political backers, the Western World, to step forward, directly involving themselves in one of the many issues caused by overpopulation. Overpopulation will affect the economy also. â€Å"When women have too many children which they can’t care for, the ripple effects are both local and global,† says Amy Coen, head of the US-based Population Action International. Experts predict that thereRead MoreThe Overpopulation Of The Human Race1377 Words   |  6 Pages The overpopulation of the human race is killing the earth due to the consumption of natural resources and not taking care of our planet. The human race as of the twenty-first century is similar to a parasite. Humans consume everything we can and do not help those resources grow back. The human race is also driving animals out of their habitats, taking over those habitats and in that process putting more animals on the endangered species index. The human population needs to be reduced in order toRead MoreHuman Overpopulation Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Overpopulation Increasing human overpopulation throughout the world is one of the biggest global issues addressed in the 21st century. This concept negatively affects almost every aspect of society: extinction of plants/animals or habitats, over use of natural resources, climate change, and other environmental problems (â€Å"As World’s Human†). This continual predicament needs to be corrected by intensified human productive abilities and a global law that will stimulate positive outcomes acrossRead MoreHuman Overpopulation : An Amazing And Sensational Place2366 Words   |  10 Pages2015 Human Overpopulation The world that we live in is an amazing and sensational place. You spend every day on earth with the opportunity to partake in something incredible. What if I told you that Earth was in jeopardy and humans were the core problem? Today there are approximately 7.2 billion people living on Earth. Just 15 years ago, in the year 2000, we had approximately 6.1 billion people. We experienced an increase of over one billion people in just 15 years. Human overpopulation is a problemRead MoreProblems Faced By Overpopulation And The Human Race Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pages Overpopulation, it is one of the biggest problems our society faces today, it has the potential to cause devastating effects to the earth and the human race. In 1978 Thomas Robert Malthus published a paper on population growth, it set a foundation for many arguments that are still being discussed to this day. The problems outlined by Malthus are still a major problem, along with an abundance of other overpopulation proble ms. To most of these problems there is a short-term solution, while good in

Black Friday free essay sample

What most people who dont work retail quite dont understand is that its the most dreaded day of the year for employees. I have a dream I plan to accomplish one day and that is to make a documentary of all the chaos that goes on Black Friday and have it available on Nettling for the world to see. Ah, can see it now; will title it Friday the 13th? HA! BLACK FRIDAY Queue suspenseful music, now thats a real horror movie. Did you know there is actually a Black Friday death count website? Yes, a whole site dedicated to Black Friday injuries and deaths. So far there have en 7 death counts and 98 injuries.To make matters worse, with the retail industry taking over the world Black Friday is no longer on Friday anymore but Thanksgiving evening! One of the happiest holidays of the year that bring families together around the dinner table, and a time to give thanks for everything we have is now ruined. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Friday or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Im pretty sure Walter started this whole trend and competitors just followed. While families are stuffing their faces with mashed potatoes, ham, turkey, and drinking some Stella Rose, employees that work for large retailers are leaving heir beloved families to deal with another form of animal, crazy Black Friday shoppers.First of all, I think I speak for most employees when say we hate every single shopper camping outside of a store. If these people spent that time working instead of building a tent outside of Best Buy, they would be able to afford that TV at regular price. Dont these people have children or pets to feed, where are your priorities?! We hate these people because they are the very reason we are not home with our families and instead listening to some pep talk from a manager about how to control the herd. Employees prepare for this day all year round physically and emotionally.Working out, meditating, or praying to keep us from drop kicking certain customers. The amount of ridiculous shoppers triples on this day that you question how they even made it to the store without getting lost. I firmly believe that retail should be allowed to accept tips, if the frozen yogurt lady has a tip jar and I serve my own yogurt, surely, employees should be compensated for dealing with stupidity all day. The worst type of customer on Black Friday is the one who expects top etch service undivided attention when there are obviously a million other people trying to get that same employees attention.Then when that undivided attention cant be provided that cus tomer throws a bitchy fit. Threatening your life and your puppies, yes people actually do this. Some even go as far as throwing things at you, hence why employees workout, to dodge shoes with super human reflexes. In the end this customer still ends up buying whatever they came for and just goes home and fills out a store survey about how upset they are but in the end the employee still has a job, and that customer just wasted their time. The next type of dreadful human being is the one that thinks they are too important to wait in the line that wraps around the store.Comments from these people sound a little like Im an old lady, I shouldnt have to wait in this line. Or Why are these cashiers so slow, dont they know we have things to do? Then these are the same people that cause fights to breakout. They try to be slick and cut the front of the line and then they make the mistake cutting a big scary biker and boom! Man down with a black eye. Then the employees end up being in the middle of a boxing match trying to break these people up. On top of everything the deals for Black Friday can tell you most of them are not even worth it.

Sin in the Scarlet Letter Essay Example

Sin in the Scarlet Letter Paper Sin, hidden or otherwise, Is something society has dealt with since the very beginning of organized religion. When one has sinned, it is human Instinct to keep it locked up inside oneself lest the ugliness if it be revealed to the world. This tendency Is not only present In every day life, but is also present In the Puritan setting of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hidden sin Is fairly literal In this novel, as mall characters such as Hester. Timescale, and Chlorinating have sinful secrets which they allow to fester within themselves and allow to break them down. Hawthorne shows us how their lives change for the worse as these sins remain hidden and how we can learn from their blunders. The least obvious of the three secret sinners is Hester Prone. Although her biggest sin, adultery, is public knowledge, she also has secrets that build upon that original moral transgression. For example, Hester withholds the fact that Roger Chlorinating is her husband from Timescale until the very end of the novel. By doing this, she allows the love of her life and the father of her child to suffer for seven long years under the hands of her vengeful spouse hen, In fact, she has absolutely no right or obligation to. By going after Timescale as he does, Chlorinating breaches the terms of the agreement he and Hester make. On page 53, Chlorinating says, Recognize me not, by word, by sign, by look We will write a custom essay sample on Sin in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sin in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sin in the Scarlet Letter specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Should thou fall me In this, beware! [Damselflys] fame, his position, his life will be in my hands. However, he begins torturing Timescale before Hester even has a chance to blink. By keeping this secret to herself, Hester can almost be considered a conspirator to murder. However, Hester is not alone in her suffering. Arthur Timescale, local reverend and fellow adulterer, is also affected. Unlike Hester, however, he does not have a scarlet letter on the breast of his shirt for the world to see. Instead, it is believed that he has burned the letter into his own chest as a form of punishment for his violation of Gods law. On page 176, it reads, Most of the spectators testified to having seen, on the breast of the unhappy minister a scarlet letter, the very semblance of that worn by Hester Prone, Imprinted in the flesh. Through punishments such as these, along with vigils and repeated fasting, Damselflys body soon begins to deteriorate. None of this would have happened had he taken his stand on the scaffold with Hester seven years prior, so we can once again see how hidden sin can twist the human form emotionally as well as physically. But not even Arthur Damselflys fate is the cruelest to be described in The Scarlet Letter. Roger Chlorinating starts off with, a remarkable intelligence in his features, as of a person who has so cultivated his mental part that it could not fail to mould the physical to itself (42). As the novel continues, however, one can notice to only his emotional self changing, but his physical self. When Hester sees him collecting herbs, she notes that, The former aspect of an Intellectual and studious man, calm and quiet, which was what she best remembered in him, had altogether vanished, and been succeeded by an eager, searching, almost fierce, yet carefully guarded look (116). These very changes emerge from the hidden sin that Chlorinating carries with him: the sin of wrath, of revenge. Though he promises never to seek vengeance on Hester or Pearl, he vows that no matter what he will find eave sought truth in books; as I have sought gold in alchemy. And that he does. In some way, almost by chance, the Reverend Timescale acquaints himself with the physician. Timescale takes him into his confidence, takes him into his home, and unwittingly allows the demon to ravage his soul. Day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, the twisted old doctor tears apart every shred, every scrape of the poor ministers being in search for the secret he so longs to find. Little does Chlorinating know that by doing this, by embodying the sin of wrath, he seals his own fate as well. After Damselflys final stand and death on the scaffold, Chlorinating, Costively withered up, shriveled away, and almost vanished from mortal sight (177). He has so long devoted his entire existence to doing the Devils work by torturing the minister; the Black Man himself calls less than a year later to collect his dues. So by keeping his identity and his sin secret, Chlorinating had pays the ultimate price. Guilt, wrath, and hatred are all very strong emotions present in The Scarlet Letter . Each of the main characters experiences one, if not more, throughout his or her life and ends up the worse for it. From subtle signs like the harshness in Hester features and personality to the full-blown deformation of Clownishnesss being, we can see Just how awful a toll hidden sin can take on an individual. And all that can truly be said is, Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred (177). Let the restless skeletons free from their dark closets. Let the burdens be lifted from weary shoulders. Let the sin, however evil it may be, be dragged into the light of day lest it drag its victim into the black of eternal night.

History of television an its effects on soceity

History of television an its effects on soceity Credit can not be given to one single person for the invention of television. Its development was fueled by many different inventors working on individual projects. Many of these inventors where not trying to produce a television at all but their achievements were applied by others to help make image transmission possible. One of the first major breakthroughs was made in 1884 by Paul Nipkow. The "electric telescope" that he created used rotating metal disks and had the ability to transmit images over an electric wire with 18 lines of resolution. In 1906 Boris Rosing would further the technology by combining it with the Audion vacuum tube, and a cathode ray tube to produce early methods of electronically scanning and reproducing images.In 1925 American Charles Jenkins and John Baird from Scotland, each demonstrate the mechanical transmissions of images over wire circuits. Baird would become the first person to transmit moving silhouette images using a mechanical system based on Nipkow 's disk, and Jenkins would receive the first television license from the Federal Radio Commission in 1928.Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates electronic televisi...By 1929 another inventor Vladimir Zworykin uses his kinescope invention to demonstrate the first practical system for both the transmission and reception of images. John Baird opens up the first television studio but the quality of his transmissions were poor. Iowa State University began broadcasting television programs in 1933, there were only around 200 television sets though to exist in the world at this time. By 1937 CBS and the BBC would also begin broadcasting black and white programming. The demand for color sets was answered by Peter Goldmark in 1940.His television created all other colors from using a color wheel dived into red green and blue and could produce 343 lines of resolution. Many people were now enjoying the modern convenience...

What Makes For a Bad College Recommendation

What Makes For a Bad College Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Generally speaking, no one is going to purposely hurt your college application and write a negative recommendation (that'd be an oxymoron). If for some reason someone feels like they can't honestly recommend you, they likely would decline or suggest someone else. That being said, there can still be bad recommendations from writers with good intentions. And admissions officers can spot them from a mile away. These letters certainly don't help your application, and they could even hurt your chances of getting accepted. Let's take a closer look at what features make for a "bad" recommendation. A Bad Letter is Lukewarm Again, I'd like to think that no one would agree to provide you with a letter of recommendation and then write damaging, critical things behind your back. This would be unethical, and a pretty mean thing to do. As long as you choose your recommenders carefully, you shouldn't have any concerns about that. The more common problem occurs if the letter writer comes off as unenthusiastic or lukewarm in her recommendation. To admissions officers who have read hundreds, if not thousands, of letters, it's pretty easy to separate the mediocre letters from the great ones. Mediocre letters might be short and generic. They might not express admiration of your academic ability or personal qualities, or express much confidence in what you'll do at college and beyond. Rather than revealing new insights into who you are, bad recommendation letters might just state facts and figures. When I was in high school, I asked a history teacher for a college recommendation. To my surprise (and disappointment), he gave me a generic letter and told me to go through and change the "he's" to "she's" to "customize" it. Needless to say, I quickly asked someone else. In this case, it would have been a good idea to seek advice from my counselor or others about which teachers take the time to write strong letters and which ones use a form letter for all their students. Admissions officers expect you to be thoughtful about who you ask for your recommendation. If you present a letter that reads as though the writer didn't have much to say or was unmotivated to recommend you, then it suggests that you either didn't put much thought into your rec letters or, worse, that this was the best recommendation you could get. If you're limited in your options for recommenders because your school has large class sizes or counselor caseloads, there are still things you can do to connect with your recommenders, like setting up meetings, writing a detailed brag sheet, or sending a supplemental recommendation. Some phrases that could come off as lukewarm include "above average" or "relatively good student." A recommender might communicate that you still have room to grow (who doesn't?), but focusing on this could also communicate that she's not too impressed with what you've done so far. This introduction is an example of a lukewarm start to a letter that doesn't sound too animated, interested, or like the writer tried to say much beyond the obvious. I'm writing to recommend Sylvia for admission to your undergraduate program. I had Sylvia in my 11th grade chemistry class. She was an above average student with an interest in science. Sylvia participated well in class and was reliable with her homework and other assignments. She performed above average throughout the year. Poor Sylvia. Her recommender didn't even say "strongly" or "highly" recommend. This introduction sounds unimpressed and unspecific. Another feature of a letter that's ineffective is that it doesn't go beyond your resume. A Bad Letter Repeats Your Resume A recommendation letter is not supposed to copy your resume. This is a common mistake of recommenders, simply listing out your grades, rank, clubs, and/or awards. Admissions officers already know all this, though. They see it in your application, or maybe you've talked about a particularly significant involvement in your personal essay. If this was all they wanted to see, then there would be no point to requiring recommendation letters. Instead, a letter should add to your story by illustrating who you are, including your values, motivations, and goals for the future. It can describe meaningful observations and interactions that give insight into your character. It adds nuance to your story, speaking to your attitude towards learning and to your personality. Plus, a strong recommendation letter shows that you've connected with your teachers and contributed to your school community. This indicates that you'll do the same once you arrive to college, a positive sign for admissions officers looking to build a dynamic and harmonious class. Here's an example of a recommendation that relies on facts and figures, but doesn't go much beyond the information that's already present in the rest of your application. Tom played football throughout all four years of high school, winning the honor of Most Valuable Player in junior year. When he wasn't practicing football, he was in Woodworking Club, which he participated in during junior and senior year. Tom has challenged himself with college prep and honors classes, earning a GPA of 3.5. He was recognized for his effort by his 10th grade English teacher, who awarded him the Best Effort certificate. Outside of school, Tom works part-time at his father's car dealership. Admissions officers should already know all this by reading Tom's Common Application. This letter just turns bullet points into full sentences. Another feature of an ineffective recommendation is that it comes off as unspecific and unsupported. About as helpful as using Apple Maps. A Bad Letter is Unspecific As discussed above, a recommendation letter should go beyond the obvious and reveal something about your commitments and character. A letter that speaks in generalities doesn't accomplish that, nor does it paint a picture of you for its readers. While it may use general adjectives to describe you, like driven or ambitious, these adjectives don't mean all that much without examples. Like a persuasive essay where you need supporting examples to prove your thesis, a recommendation letter should relate anecdotes that demonstrate something meaningful about you and provide evidence for its assertions. A bad letter might say, Abby is a hard worker. A stronger letter would say, Abby's hard work and persistence endured throughout her in depth, year long research project on the decline of the fishing industry in 19th century Gloucester. (It might go further into detail describing her long days digging through the local library's archives and how the recommender sees her conducting historical research at her college's library next year.) Without the examples to back it up, the first sentence about Abby being a hard worker doesn't explain what she works hard to accomplish or how her recommender knows this to be true. It also could be about almost anyone. If the recommendation letter does little to differentiate you from other students with similar credentials, then it hasn't done it's job. A Bad Letter Could Be About Almost Anyone That form letter I got from my history teacher wasn't just riddled with male pronouns, it also barely talked about me. It was full of generic statements about doing well in history class, working hard, and being committed to academics. All that was general, unsupported by examples, and could have been about any number of studentswho did well in history class. The truth about college admissions is that there are more qualified students than there are spots in the class, especially when it comes to highly selective schools that only let a small percentage of students in. Some may share similar academic and extracurricular profiles. They might have the same GPA, same class selection, and similar involvements in clubs and sports. That's why the recommendation letters, along with the student's own personal essay, are so important for distinguishing one student from another. Letters that are general, don't share anecdotes, and list out facts and data could be about any students that share a similar resume. They're flat, boring to read, and suggest that the teacher doesn't know anything personal about the student. Maybe the student just gave her a resume, and she turned the bulletpoints into prose. Finally, another red flag for admissions officers could be if the letter is simply too short. Not only did the recommender not have anything personal to add to the student's recommendation, but she also didn't have much to say at all. Aw. A Bad Letter is Too Short A recommendation letter should be a full page. It shouldn't usually go beyond a page, but it also shouldn't be shorter. Just having an introduction, short body paragraph, and conclusion wouldn't be sufficient. It might fulfill the application requirement, but it wouldn't look good or communicate all that much. If your letter's short, this is immediately noticeable to a reader. It suggests you didn't choose your recommender very well, she doesn't know you, and you didn't give her much material to work with. Instead of making the positive impression that a good letter of recommendation can leave, it feels lacking. Since no one wants her application dragged down by subpar recommendation letters, what can you do to avoid a bad one? Are these documents out of your hands, or do you have some say in the matter? Be proactive, be be, proactive! What to Do to Avoid a Bad Letter of Recommendation Before you even begin making requests for letters of recommendation, you should go into junior year (and high school, for that matter) with a proactive mindset. Participate in class, get to know at least one or two of your teachers well, and talk to them about your educational goals. Demonstrate your interest in a subject by taking on an independent project or joining a club of which that teacher is an advisor. If you're planning to apply to a selective school or for a certain major, showing a specific commitment like this will impress admissions officers and your future recommenders. When you're finally ready to ask, be thoughtful about who you ask. If your teacher seems hesitant at all, it's probably a good idea to thank her and then ask someone else instead. If she has reservations, that will show through in the letter. Ask early in case you need to change track, plus some teachers set quotas and have a first come, first served policy for writing letters. Give them time, at least a month, to put thought into your letter, rather than rushing through a copy so you have something to send in ahead of deadlines. As I should have done before my recommendation mistake, ask your counselor for her recommendations on who writes good letters. Seasoned teachers are often a good choice, especially if they have a reputation for helping students get into their schools of choice. If you've forged a good relationship with a relatively new teacher, it might be beneficial to share your thoughts on what could make your letter outstanding. Whether or not it's appropriate to share resources on letter writing with your recommender is a judgment call, as you wouldn't want to insult the person you're hoping will praise you. You can feel out whether it would be welcome to share guides like this one with your recommender, or whether she already has a strong sense of purpose in her letter writing. Apart from participating in class and talking to your teachers, you can also give them a detailed brag sheet. Share important information that you want them to know about you, along with specific significant experiences or challenges in your life that they could potentially speak about in their letters. Tell them what qualities and interests you're highlighting in the rest of your application, so they can complement your story without repeating too much of it. Above all, make sure your recommender is genuinely happy to help you get accepted to college and will put in the time and effort to craft a thoughtful, specific, and customized letter of recommendation. While your brag sheet can help her out a great deal, she should still have enough material and inspiration from having you in class or school to create an insightful letter of support. What's Next? Before you can invite your recommenders on the Common App, you're asked about waiving your right to access. Should you agree to this FERPA waiver? What's this question all about? Learn all about it here. If you're a teacher writing letters for your students, check out our complete guide to writing strong recommendations here. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Leadership in organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership in organisations - Essay Example It is the former who make a major contribution to the society. Leadership skills are required in every field irrespective of the nature. Leadership in organizations has been a topic of interest for many researchers and scholars over the last century. There is immense research that has gone into finding what qualities differentiate the leaders from the rest and why leadership is important to an organiztaion. Organizational leadership is very important for an organization. It is these leaders who account for the majority of the success of the organization. In spite of the research that has gone into organizational leadership, there are various questions unanswered. This report is a research proposal for carrying out further research in the filed of organizational leadership. 1.1 Suitability of Researcher for the Research Leadership has always excited the researcher and understanding leadership has turned into a passion. The researcher has read about the topic intensely and has been ins pired by the various leaders such as Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Winston Churchill, etc. The researcher has been amazed by these leaders ability to command respect from the followers and lead them to a better life. The researcher would like to take this opportunity to officially study his/her passion through this research. The researcher has been following the developments in the filed prior to the idea of conducting an academic research on the topic. 1.2 Research Question The effectiveness and usefulness of a research primarily depends on the depth and accuracy of a research question. Research question addresses the scope of the research. Research question tries to find answers and for new questions about the research subject for further research or investigation (Lester, 1986). In a deductive approach the researcher makes an assumption or theory and then tries to prove his or her theory with the help of the research findings and data. On the other hand, in an inductive approac h the researcher uses practical findings and research results to derive a hypothesis. The research question needs to be apt and to the topic. Research question must not be too elaborative or too restrictive. Too elaborative research question would not be very useful to drive the point and it would be more of an explanation than a question. Too restrictive research question might not cover the scope of the research. The research question must be designed in such a way that it compels for an answer. Research question must not address any insignificant issues and divert from the core of the subject. Hence, the researcher must frame the research question with lot of care in such a way that it focuses on the core issue and compels for an answer. The purpose of this research is to study leadership in organization and throw new light on the topic. The research will be targeted in understanding how leadership makes an impact on the organization. It addresses the popular question of how lead ers and managers are different. Even though there has been a lot of debate over the above question, the researcher intends to bring in a new dimension to the debate. The various styles of leadership will be addressed and studying further. Researcher is of the view that leaders have qualities of entrepreneurs. An entrepreneur is definitely a leader who leads his company or organization to success and greater heights. But what researcher

Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Communications - Essay Example It serves as a communication therapy discussing three major themes in communication issues: indicators, findings, and therapy (Reich 153). As with everyone who experienced family talk, it is easy to see how it can go in circles. Family members argue about little trivial matters that sometimes merely started as normal conversations. We hear every single type of complaint like â€Å"she doesn’t like to apologize,† or â€Å"I didn’t do anything wrong so I shouldn’t say sorry,† or â€Å"mom always criticizes everything I do,† or â€Å"he doesn’t appreciate what I do.† (Tannen 5-6) Every single individual experienced times when they tried to say something good yet ended up being misunderstood. This is a commonplace happening, but usually harder when family members or people who are close to each other are involved (Noller and Fitzpatrick 17). It is like giving a person a gift of a nice scented-lotion and, instead of a â€Å"thank yo u,† receive a response that they were offended because it means they smell bad or need more grooming. The real meaning of the message wrapped in the niceness of the gift is taken as a negative hint for the correction of their errors. Even if that was never the message the sender wants to give, the distorted interpretation creates a negative impact upon the relationship of the sender and receiver (Tannen 11-3). No further proof is needed for this pathology of communication problems shown in this scenario and other scenarios similar to this. There is evidence in almost every daily interaction people have with others, and usually, although unfortunately, the closer people are with each other, the greater chances there are for miscommunication (Tannen 21). The author’s intention is to explain the process of conversation, to which interpretation plays a great role. People should not read a single message in one specific context. Most communication process, particularly betwe en those who are closely related to each other, involves a lot more than mere words (Noller and Fitzpatrick 19). In interpreting the sender’s meaning, one should be familiar with all the other aspects of communication. This is the only solution for the issue of misinterpretation. The underlying message --- the meta-message --- has greater effect in communication, whether negative or positive (Tannen 7-8). In the third chapter of the book (67-93), Tannen explores meta-messages in several spoken lines people use, and the differences of these meta-messages in conversations between people in close relationships. Tannen states that the meta-messages in intimate relationships is different because of control continuum and connection continuum (Tannen 11). In the overall message of the third chapter, the solution for miscommunication is simply acknowledging that everything heard and said are potentially vague. The appropriate process in deciphering the message, therefore, is to disam biguate by looking at the core of the message. However, the issues in this process are that a speaker at times intentionally creates the meta-message, or unintentionally create the meta-message, or the receiver imagines a meta-message. This makes the interpretation of meaning a not so simple task, and unless one is able to read minds, the possibility of misunderstanding is big. Therefore, paying attention is important (Reich 153). Even to one who has not studied the art of communication, ideas regarding the surface meaning

History Study Notes Essay Example for Free

History Study Notes Essay Topic 1 Investigating History †¢ interpret and construct time lines †¢ define the terms that describe historical periods of time †¢ the terminology and concepts of historical time, including year, decade, generation, century, age, BC/AD, BCE/CE †¢ sequence societies and events within specific periods of time †¢ ask historical questions †¢ distinguish between fact and opinion †¢ draw some conclusions about the usefulness of sources including a website †¢ examine differing historical perspectives and interpretations †¢ explain cause and effect †¢ identify significant people of the past  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ examine the motives for people. s actions in the past †¢ the process of historical inquiry: . Fact and opinion . †¢ the usefulness of sources as evidence including a website . †¢ differing perspectives . cause and effect . history as the study of people †¢ explain the consequences of people. s actions †¢ describe some aspects of family/community heritage †¢ heritage issues †¢ appreciate the value of preserving and conserving our heritage Ancient Egypt †¢ the origins of the society or period †¢ identify the origins of the society or historical period †¢ daily life of men and women in the society or period  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ describe how both men and women lived in the society or period †¢ Civics and citizenship in the society or period †¢ describe the way in which the people of the society or period were governed †¢ describe the rights and freedoms of different groups in the society or period †¢ beliefs and values of the people of the society or period †¢ explain the beliefs and values of the society †¢ impact of significant people and/or events †¢ explain the impact made by significant people and/or events on the society or period †¢ contacts with other peoples †¢ outline the contacts that the society had with other peoples.

Rites of Passage in Henry IV Essay example -- William Shakespeare

A Rite of Passage Rites of passage mark and celebrate important changes in life. For many, this is the transition between adolescence and adulthood. In the play 1 Henry IV, by William Shakespeare, Prince Henry’s transition to adulthood is indicated when he shows his bravery in battle and proves to be an honorable King. The play shifts between two different views that of the Scottish rebels versus the English royalty and the strain between Prince Henry and his father. Throughout the play, Prince Henry develops from a rascal to a responsible adult and by doing so, earns the respect and acceptance from his father King Henry IV. In act one, Shakespeare introduces the idea that Prince Henry is an inadequate heir to the throne. The play opens with King Henry IV, Prince Henry’s father, speaking to his council of a war with Scotland. Quickly the subject of the discussion turns to Prince Henry, or Harry’s, indifference to the affairs of war. The King then compares Harry to Hotspur, son of the Duke of Northumberland in his dialogue: KING. Yea, there thou mak’st me sad, and mak’st me sin (Harry) In envy that my Lord Nothumberland Should be the father to so blest a son, A son who is the theme of honor’s tounge, Amongst a grove the very straightest plant, Who is sweet fortune’s minion and her pride (Hotspur), Whilst I, by looking on the praise of him, See riot and dishonor stain the brow Of my young Harry. O that it could be proved That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged In cradles clothes our children where they lay, (1.1.78-88) King Henry IV is saddened and ashamed of Harry’s drinking and stealing and wonders if he will ever become a capable leader. King Henry IV even questions if some... ... his soliloquy by proving that he is an admirable leader, and fulfils his solemn oath to kill Hotspur which makes his word honorable. Prince Henry completes his rite of passage after his defeat of Hotspur. Henry entered the battle field as a boy and has formed into a responsible adult and an adequate heir to throne. In 1 Henry IV, Prince Henry’s gradual development was evident throughout the play. A comparison of Harry’s character during the first act against Harry in the fifth act almost seems like two different people. Prince Henry has carried out his plan to prove to people that he will be a worthy King by following his father into battle and killing the leader of the rebel army. Prince Henry’s act of bravery marks the transition between the young Henry and the mature Henry but more importantly, has earned Henry the respect and acceptance from his father. Rites of Passage in Henry IV Essay example -- William Shakespeare A Rite of Passage Rites of passage mark and celebrate important changes in life. For many, this is the transition between adolescence and adulthood. In the play 1 Henry IV, by William Shakespeare, Prince Henry’s transition to adulthood is indicated when he shows his bravery in battle and proves to be an honorable King. The play shifts between two different views that of the Scottish rebels versus the English royalty and the strain between Prince Henry and his father. Throughout the play, Prince Henry develops from a rascal to a responsible adult and by doing so, earns the respect and acceptance from his father King Henry IV. In act one, Shakespeare introduces the idea that Prince Henry is an inadequate heir to the throne. The play opens with King Henry IV, Prince Henry’s father, speaking to his council of a war with Scotland. Quickly the subject of the discussion turns to Prince Henry, or Harry’s, indifference to the affairs of war. The King then compares Harry to Hotspur, son of the Duke of Northumberland in his dialogue: KING. Yea, there thou mak’st me sad, and mak’st me sin (Harry) In envy that my Lord Nothumberland Should be the father to so blest a son, A son who is the theme of honor’s tounge, Amongst a grove the very straightest plant, Who is sweet fortune’s minion and her pride (Hotspur), Whilst I, by looking on the praise of him, See riot and dishonor stain the brow Of my young Harry. O that it could be proved That some night-tripping fairy had exchanged In cradles clothes our children where they lay, (1.1.78-88) King Henry IV is saddened and ashamed of Harry’s drinking and stealing and wonders if he will ever become a capable leader. King Henry IV even questions if some... ... his soliloquy by proving that he is an admirable leader, and fulfils his solemn oath to kill Hotspur which makes his word honorable. Prince Henry completes his rite of passage after his defeat of Hotspur. Henry entered the battle field as a boy and has formed into a responsible adult and an adequate heir to throne. In 1 Henry IV, Prince Henry’s gradual development was evident throughout the play. A comparison of Harry’s character during the first act against Harry in the fifth act almost seems like two different people. Prince Henry has carried out his plan to prove to people that he will be a worthy King by following his father into battle and killing the leader of the rebel army. Prince Henry’s act of bravery marks the transition between the young Henry and the mature Henry but more importantly, has earned Henry the respect and acceptance from his father.

Indonesian Culture Essay

Praise and gratitude I prayed to Almighty God for the implementation of events on this day well. I also says thank you for your time and opportunity that has been in invite In this speech I want to convey about the importance of creativity in preserving the culture of Indonesia. As we know, the Indonesian culture stretched from Sabang to Marauke. Having dozens of cultural heritage that is rich in art. Many nations are amazed and want to claim the Indonesian culture as the culture of their nation. Therefore, it is then we as the younger generation is very good if we realize that culture is an irreplaceable treasure. Culture can not be created with ease, especially with a short time. It has a lot of effort to preserve the culture of Indonesia, but these measures were not the maximum. One of the legendary Indonesian culture is batik. Batik is one of the culture that has worldwide and at times lately, batik started getting attention from the younger generation. Batik day is a day where all parties were invited to use the batik. This is very good for the younger generation and continuity of batik culture itself. Creativity will flourish on its own batik with the number of requests. Modern fashion and in accordance with the age would make batik as a means of creativity for young designers. Make a spear batik fashion formal, semi-formal and informal. Devise an original batik fashion is very trendy but if the wear by every level of generation. Besides batik, there are also other fabrics that are not less beautiful like songket, ulos cloth and so forth. It is time we as a younger generation of cultivating the culture without losing its originality. Make batik as one of the fashion icons of cool and interesting to young people. Besides batik, Indonesian culture most often in the interest of the dance area. Indonesian dance is no less exotic and graceful in compare with other countries. Lots of foreign tourists coming to Indonesia just to see the original dance Indonesia. Have you ever witnessed a cultural festival or to welcome important guests who came to Indonesia. Art music and dance in performing very unusual. In my opinion the area of ​​dance should be introduced among the students and the students so that the scene of the contest are no less interesting with cheerleading competition. Padukanlah regional dance with modern dance, as one of the concepts of dance in one of the most popular events in Indonesia. Hilangkanlah connotation that the dance area is not slang. Berkreasilah, and teach local dances native to Indonesia as one of the dances are in the interest of the subject. Besides creativity, promotion factors also play an important role. Promote their Indonesian Arts to foreign countries with interesting ideas and unique. Thus Indonesian Arts gained international recognition and is not easy to duplicate. Do not ever get bored in the creative, cultural lestarikanlah Indonesia, quicken your identity as bangssa Indonesia. A few of my speech. Thank you for your attention.

“Spellbound” a Cinematic Representation of Psychoanalysis

The movie â€Å"Spellbound†, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, encompasses several Freudian concepts manifested in the characters; including amnesia, guilt complex, repression, and psychopathology. Psychoanalysis is a major element of the film and is used in the pursuit of â€Å"truth†; the â€Å"truth† being what happened to the real Dr. Edwards. Also, dream work is a major tool used in the film to uncover the â€Å"truth†. Though â€Å"Spellbound† has several characters that embody Freudian concepts, I believe the four main characters are most important. John Ballantyne exemplifies amnesia, guilt complex, and repression; Dr.Constance Peterson represents the process of psychoanalysis; Dr. Burlov is a depiction of Freud; and Dr. Murchison conveys Psychopathology. The film, â€Å"Spellbound†, begins in the setting of green manors, a mental asylum. The head of the facility, Dr. Murchison, is retiring and a famous psychiatrist, Dr. Edwards, is to ta ke his place. Shortly after â€Å"Dr. Edwards† arrives another psychiatrist, Dr. Constance Peterson, discovers that the man claiming to be â€Å"Dr. Edwards† is an imposter. This imposter is suffering from a guilt complex which causes him to be an amnesiac.Thus begins the pursuit of â€Å"truth†, using psychoanalysis, to uncover who the imposter is and what happened to the real Dr. Edwards. We find out that the imposter is John Ballantyne, a patient of Dr. Edwards, and an amnesiac; which is why he believes he is Dr. Edwards in the beginning of the movie. John Ballantyne’s amnesia is related to the guilt complex from which he is suffering. We know that Ballantyne experienced a traumatic event, this triggered repression of memory, bringing conscious truth to the unconscious to protect the mind from the trauma; this caused his amnesia.Dr. Constance Peterson believes that by using psychoanalysis she can tap into Ballantyne’s mnemic trace, or unconsciou s memory, and uncover the Primal scene. The primal scene being the trauma that Ballantyne suffered. Dr. Peterson and Ballantyne embark on a journey, evading the authorities, to answer the question of what happened to the real Dr. Edwards. Dr. Constance Peterson, portraying the process of psychoanalysis, is of course mentored by Dr. Burlov who is a representation of Freud; both aesthetically and conceptually. Dr. Peterson brings Ballantyne to Dr.Burlov to help uncover the aforementioned primal scene. This portion of the film encompasses all aspects of Psychoanalysis. Ballantyne, suffering from amnesia due to his guilt complex and repression, is analyzed by Burlov in a few ways. First Burlov uses transference, saying, â€Å"I’m going to be your father image†, then he uses free association, asking Ballantyne, â€Å"Whatever comes into your head just say what it is†. When Ballantyne has no response Burlov turns to dream work saying, â€Å"maybe you dreamt something ? † This analysis of Ballantyne’s dream, or dream work, is an integral scene of the film.The dream sequence, designed by Salvador Dali, contains several symbols; these symbols allude to the truth which is buried in Ballantyne’s unconscious. Freud believed that dreams were the connection to the unconscious, and tapping into it could relieve someone of their psychological sufferings. The most important symbols are the bearded man, the proprietor, the sloping roof, the wings, and the wheel. The bearded man is Dr. Edwards. The sloping roof symbolizes a mountain. Dr. Peterson and Burlov deduce that the trauma occurred at a ski resort. The symbolism of the wings and sloping roof gives them the name of the resort, Gabriel Valley.Constance, Ballantyne, and Burlov go to Gabriel Valley to trigger memory. Ballantyne suddenly remembers that at the bottom of the hill there is a cliff, over which Dr. Edwards fell. It is also revealed that Ballantyne’s true primal scene is not the trauma of Dr. Edwards’ death. His true primal scene is the recollected memory of sliding down a rail and accidentally killing his brother, this is the initial trauma that causes his guilt complex, which is why he was a patient of Dr. Edwards. When Dr. Edwards’ body is uncovered it is discovered that he did not die from the fall, but from a gunshot. Ballantyne is sentenced and incarcerated.This does not sit well with Constance. She looks over her notes on Ballantyne’s dream and realizes that the proprietor is Dr. Murchison, the chimney he hid behind was a tree, and the wheel is a revolver which he used to kill Dr. Edwards. Dr. Murchison is clearly an example of psychopathology. In conclusion, Hitchcock’s â€Å"Spellbound† is a cinematic representation of many Freudian concepts such as psychoanalysis, dream work, and guilt complex. The characters embody these concepts. The pursuit of â€Å"truth† is a major element of the film; this is also the case in psychoanalysis, which is used to uncover repressed memories; or the â€Å"truth†.

Aquarium Essays - Zoology, Nervous System, Arthropod, Animal, Insect

Aquarium Essays - Zoology, Nervous System, Arthropod, Animal, Insect Aquarium Organism 1,2,3,6,7,8,9 and 10 are from the phylum Chordata. All Chordates shared four major characteristics; a notochord, which provides a skeletal support, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, which develop into the central nerve system, pharyngeal slits, which are openings in the pharynx that develop into gills, and a post-anal tail. Organism 2,7 and 8 are the phylum Mollusca. The animals in this category share many characteristics which are bilateral symmetry,two cell layers, tissues and organs, lack a cavity, posses a through gut with a mouth and anus monomeric and highly variable bodies, may posses shell and calcareous spicules, has a nervous system with a circum-oesophageal ring, ganglia and paired nerve chords, open circulatory systems with a heart and an aorta, has gaseous exchange organs called ctenidial gills, reproduce sexually, feed on a wide variety of materials and live in most environments. Organism 4 is an Arthropoda. Arthropods have a body covered in chitinous cuticle that hardens into an exoskeleton, composed of somites (Metamerism), jointed appendages, ventral nerve cord with ganglia at each segment, open circulatory system and a bilateral symmetric body. Most Arthropods reproduce sexually; however some insects are parthenogenetic. Organism 4 was Porifera. Poriferans are commonly sponges which are sedentary by nature, most of them are marine sponges, cylindrical, have radial symmetry, have a body wall called a diploblastic, their middle layer has various wandering amoebocytes, have many ostia on their body, feed on minute organisms and small organic particles which enter the body through the oscula, have exoskeletons, secrete mainly ammonia, and asexual reproduction takes place by budding or sexual reproduction take place through internal fertilization. Organism 5 and 9 are Cnidaria. Cnidarian organisms are radially symmetrical, have bodies with internal cavity and a mouth, reproduction is sexual or asexual, has a simple net-like nervous system, has a distinct larval stage which planktonic, live in aquatic environments, mostly carnivores otherwise filter feeders, and have minimal skeleton of chiton or calcium carbonate. Organism 6 is echinodermata. These organisms free living, exclusively marine forms, larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adults are radially symmetrical, have bodies represented by a central disc covered by ossicles with spines called pedicularia, disc may bear extensions called arms, have a complete digestive system, have a water vascular system, posses tube feet for locomotion and respiration as well as feeding, has a central nervous sytem ring with five radiating nerves, sexual reproduction, development is indirect, and posses an ability to regenerate. For organism 3, the subphylum is Crustacea. Crustacea are primarily aquatic arthropods, but also include terrestrial forms, which have a cephalothorax covered by a carapace. They also have mandible mouthparts, gills for respiration, antennae, and biramous appendages.

Carpenter Ants, Genus Camponotus

Carpenter Ants, Genus Camponotus Carpenter ants are so named for their skill at constructing their homes from wood. These large ants are excavators, not wood feeders. Still, an established colony can do structural damage to your home if left unchecked, so its a good idea to learn to recognize carpenter ants when you see them. Carpenter ants belong to the genus Camponotus. Description Carpenter ants are among the largest ants that people encounter around their homes. Workers measure up to a 1/2 inch. The queen is slightly larger. In a single colony, you may find ants of varying sizes, however, as there are also smaller workers that reach just 1/4 inch in length. Color varies from species to species. The common black carpenter ant is, predictably, dark in color, while other types may be yellow or red. Carpenter ants have a single node between the thorax and abdomen. The top of the thorax appears arched when viewed from the side. A ring of hairs encircles the tip of the abdomen. In established colonies, two castes of sterile female workers develop – major and minor workers. The major workers, which are larger, defend the nest and forage for food. Minor workers tend to the young and maintain the nest. Most carpenter ants build their nests in dead or decaying trees or logs, though they do also inhabit landscape timbers and wooden structures, including peoples homes. They prefer moist or partially decayed wood, so carpenter ants in the home may suggest a water leak has occurred. Classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Insecta Order - Hymenoptera Family - Formicidae Genus - Camponotus Diet Carpenter ants do not eat wood. They are true omnivores and not all that picky about what they will consume. Carpenter ants will forage for honeydew, the sweet, sticky excrement left behind by aphids. Theyll also eat fruits, plant juices, other small insects and invertebrates, grease or fat, and anything sweet, like jelly or syrup. Life Cycle Carpenter ants undergo complete metamorphosis, in four stages from egg to adult. Winged males and females emerge from the nest to mate beginning in the spring. These reproductives, or swarmers, do not return to the nest after mating. Males die, and females establish a new colony. The mated female lays her fertilized eggs in a small wood cavity or in another protected location. Each female lays about 20 eggs, which take 3-4 weeks to hatch. The first larval brood is fed by the queen. She secretes a fluid from her mouth to nourish her young. Carpenter ant larvae look like white grubs and lack legs. In three weeks, the larvae pupate. It takes an additional three weeks for the adults to emerge from their silken cocoons. This first generation of workers forages for food, excavates and enlarges the nest, and tends to the young. The new colony will not produce swarmers for several years. Special Adaptations and Defenses Carpenter ants are largely nocturnal, with workers leaving the nest at night to forage for food. The workers use several cues to guide them to and from the nest. Hydrocarbons from the ants abdomens mark their travels with a scent to assist them in returning to the nest. Over time, these pheromone trails become major transportation pathways for the colony, and hundreds of ants will follow the same path to a food resource. Camponotus ants also use tactile trails to find their way back and forth. Ants feel and remember the distinct edges, grooves, and ridges in tree trunks or sidewalks as they move through their environment. They also employ visual cues along the way. At night, carpenter ants use moonlight to orient themselves. To appease their appetites for sweets, carpenter ants will herd aphids. Aphids feed on plant juices, then excrete a sugary solution called honeydew. Ants feed on energy-rich honeydew, and will sometimes carry aphids to new plants and milk them to get the sweet excretion. Range and Distribution Camponotus species number about 1,000 worldwide. In the U.S., there are approximately 25 species of carpenter ants. Most carpenter ants live in forest ecosystems.

Management Investigation and report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Investigation and report - Essay Example head-quarters only. At the end of the study, the project draws a conclusion on oil and gas companies and its response to the complex and urgent sustainability issues. This report will be a crucial one to understand the future energy supply-demand balance.The report is prepared on the basis of consumer view-point, the catastrophes’ caused and data analysis. Firstly, the project makes an analysis of the three companies holding the leading positions in the market. Following this the macroeconomic analysis has been provided which is a reflection of PESTEL. An analysis has also been done with regards to the present financial performance of the three companies. PESTEL demonstrates the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors which influence the companies. Finally, an analysis of the internal strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities are some of the factors based on which the strategies have been recommended for the three companies. I ntroduction Oil and natural gas account for one of the major requirements in the daily lives of people. More than 60% of a nation’s energy is provided by natural gases and oil. ... Since 2005 February, the world supply of oil has been flat. There has been 1.4% increase in its production since December 2007 (Arup, â€Å"Introduction†). Firstly the project analyses the position of the three leading oil and natural companies namely, Shell, BP, Exxon-Mobil. Firstly the macroeconomic analysis is done using PESTEL and then based on this analysis the respective strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are determined. The three companies are analysed with respect to their financial performance and how the present global scenario has impacted that performance. Following from the research it aims to make a comparative analysis of the positions of the three companies in the market. About the Companies Exxon Mobil operates in about 41 countries and is one of the renowned Energy and Technology sources, striving to meet the increasing demand. The company claims, that it can opt for many challenges to meet the requirements of the evolving new supplies, intensif ying efficiency yet preserving the environment. Technology will play a critical role in meeting these challenges. The company keeps an eye of various magazines trend analysis that’s required to figure out the global energy demand and supply in the future years. Also, it increases the global demand and supplies, keeping in mind the environmental hazards. Thus, by energy efficiency technique one can utilise the energy obtained and diminish the greenhouse gas emissions at a very manageable cost (Exxon Mobil, â€Å"Energy & Technology†). BP is operating in almost every continent, across 80 countries. It offers a variety of products and is best known for fuel and energy. The company boasts of building a hefty and robust

Managing non-profit organizations Research Paper - 1

Managing non-profit organizations - Research Paper Example In a nonprofit organization the output is the fulfillment of the community’s needs without any profit and trained staff members. Management of a nonprofit organization is also different. It includes four steps; planning, developing, operating and evaluating (Kotler). Each step in turn includes other tasks. While planning, one has to plan for three different things; strategy, resources and programs. Staff members carry out strategic planning to find out the overall purpose (mission) and direction (vision and goals) for the nonprofit, in addition to the methods (values, approaches and programs) for the nonprofit to work toward the purpose and direction. The strategic planning course offers input to all other major tasks in the organization, especially program planning and resource planning. Thus, if strategic planning is not done well, the entire organization can be unfavorably influenced. During program planning, the marketing investigation (or â€Å"inbound marketing†) activities are performed to recognize, for example, precise society requirements for the nonprofit to meet, what conclusions are desira ble to meet those needs, what explicit groups of customers to provide, and how to serve them to accomplish those outcomes. Program planning makes available input to many other functions, such as resource planning (regarding staff, funds, and people), financial management, advertising and promotions, and also fundraising. Many problems commonly connected with fundraising and promotions are really the result of poor program planning. Planners (McNamara). Typically, resources include people, financial support, amenities, equipment, supplies, and even certain policies and procedures. Budgets usually are developed that contain listings of resources that are needed, along with the predictable costs to get hold of and support the use of those resources. Resource planning straightforwardly influences the superiority of all operating

Critically discuss the extend to which formal strategic may be Essay

Critically discuss the extend to which formal strategic may be considered to be the key to effective business process management in hospitality SME'S - Essay Example According to Tangen (2004) , this suggests poor organisational configuration, which is detrimental to sustained competitive advantage. Configuration is defined as â€Å"making choices about what a company will do and how it will do it, and†¦ensuring that the things a company does reinforce each other†. They argue that the lack of a focused competitive strategy is one of the key causes of poor organisational configuration. However, the problem of organisational configuration is not just restricted to understanding markets, with poor configuration being found in a number of key areas, including hospitality SMEs’ relationships with their customers, which are fraught with uncertainty. There is an acknowledged advantage in that small firms are closer to the customer, enabling more personal relationships to develop (Crook , 2003). However, this is tempered by the danger that having a limited customer base (Gray, 2005) facilitates the development of deferential supplier–customer relationships. Research by Harrison (2003) concludes that, apart from those firms which operate only in very low profit or niche markets, hospitality SMEs are consistently found to be subservient to their larger counterparts. This view is supported by Wong (2005) who suggest that hospitality SMEs have a lack of control over their futures because of demands made by stronger customers throughout the supply chain. An addi tional burden is a lack of power to leverage payment of debts from these customers, as noted by (Okumus, 2003), who point out that many smaller firms are â€Å"afraid to press customers too hard for payment for fear of loss of future business†. It is this scenario which most severely affects hospitality SMEs as their limited resources cannot cope with the fluctuations in cash flow that late payment inevitably brings. The overall effect of the fiercely competitive environment in which hospitality SMEs operate is that, very often, strategic planning becomes a seemingly

An overview of the Bank of Maldives

An overview of the Bank of Maldives On 23rd May 1982, Bank of Maldives was registered (Company Registry No. C-22/1982) with Ministry of Home Affairs as a company. On 10 November 1982 BML was registered at Maldives Monetary Authority and was given license to provide banking business in the Maldives. Joint venture with IFCI Bank of Maldives Plc was inaugurated on November 11, 1982 and started commercial operation as a joint venture bank with 60% shares held by the Government of the Maldives (including its Agencies and Maldivian Companies) and 40% shares owned by International Finance Investment Company Limited (later IFIC Bank Limited), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Until 31st December 1992, the Bank was managed by the professionals of IFIC Bank Limited and they were paid 10% of the Banks profit. During the tenth year of the Bank, the Government of Maldives decided to re-structure the Bank of Maldives as such requested the IFIC Bank Ltd to reduce the share holding and also the number of representation in the Board. Consequently IFIC Bank Ltd decided to dispose off its entire shares in the Bank of Maldives and terminate its relations with the Bank with the expiry of the Management Contract on December 31, 1992. Bank of Maldives Become Public Limited Company On 14 November 1992, Government of Maldives purchased 40 per cent shares held by IFIC Bank Ltd. As a result, 80 per cent of the share capital of the Bank of Maldives was owned by the Government while the remaining 20 per cent of the share capital was sold equally to the State Trading Organization and Maldives Transport and Contracting Company respectively. Company Shares In December 1992, the Government decided, to sell Banks shares to the general public, with a view to expand the Banks capital. From January 1, 1993, Bank of Maldives Plc has become, and since then remained, a bank fully owned by the people and the Government of the Maldives. The Bank of Maldives Plc issued shares during 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 2007. In 2007, Memorandum and Articles of Association of the bank was revised, shares were split and bonus shares were given to the existing shareholders. As a result the authorised caiptal of the bank was increased from Rf 300 million to Rf 800 million. The face value of BML shares stand at Rf 50/-. Bank of Maldives Branches Presently the Bank of Maldives Plc has 25 branches. Three out of 25 branches are in Male, the capital, 01 in Male International Airport (Hulhule Island) and 01 each in both Villingili ward and Hulhumale. The other branches are distributed amongst the atolls of the country, each with a designated command area. Hence, the Bank of Maldives Plc is able to serve the whole nation. Strategies for businesses The main business of the Bank is retail banking in addition to handling development banking activities in all the atolls of the Republic, Bank of Maldives PLC extends a variety of modern banking services online in a fully computerized environment and is proud to be serving  the nation as the leading bank in the Maldives. A business strategy is a pattern of decision and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its objectives. Business planning involves deciding what is to be done, setting objectives and developing polices to achieve them. There is a number of stages involve in the planning process. These include Identifying the objectives Analalysing the positions of the business Deciding on suitable strategy Implementing a suitable strategy Evaluating its effectiveness Strategic Planning Process Mission We will lead the way through quality of service and dedication of our staff. We will serve all our communities to the best of our ability, strive always to listen to your needs and so build total customer confidence and satisfaction Vision To be the leader in the financial industry in Maldives, spreading its presence in all key economic geographies in Maldives To be the leader in the financial industry in Maldives, inculcating a long term saving culture in the nation and promoting a cashless society To be one of the most Efficient, Profitable and Respected financial institutions in Maldives. Values Strategic analysis This is all about the analysing the strength of businesses position and understanding the important external factors that may influence that position. The process of Strategic Analysis can be assisted by a number of tools, including: SWOT Analysis: a useful summary technique for summarising the key issues arising from an assessment of a businesses internal position and external environmental influences. PEST Analysis: a technique for understanding the environment in which a business operates Scenario Planning: a technique that builds various plausible views of possible futures for a business Five Forces Analysis: a technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition in an industry Market Segmentation: a technique which seeks to identify similarities and differences between groups of customers or users Directional Policy Matrix: a technique which summarises the competitive strength of a businesses operations in specific markets Competitor Analysis: a wide range of techniques and analysis that seeks to summarise a businesses overall competitive position Critical Success Factor Analysis: a technique to identify those areas in which a business must outperform the competition in order to succeed SWOT Analysis A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) is a tool used to provide a general or detailed snapshot of a Companies health. Think of your SWOT as a tune-up that every business needs periodically to diagnose and fix whats a bit worn, whats on the verge of breaking down, or whats already broken and needs replacementso that you can keep the business humming-even better than it has in the past. Strength Financial stability and bank is well capitalised and this has enabled it to perform relatively well Highest market shares Government helps since it has their share power Most effective recruitment and selection process Awarded for 3 years about their customer satisfaction methods. Easy transections for its customers Updated technology Nations most trusted company with the highest transections Oldest bank in the market and well branded in the country Weakness Less number of employees to deal with their daily transections and customers problems. Limited dollar providing Difficult to get loans compare to their competitors Opportunities Since they have got a good financial stability they can expand their business to other islands Sell more shares to the public market. It will increase their customers and also will be able to have a better capital to provide a good service To deal with their daily transections and to get experience from developed banks like Swiss bank they can ask from the government talk about it with them. Threats Recently have stopped providing any types of card to the customers Economic crises Competitors The strengths of the company can be assessed as companys resources and also the company capabilities which can be used as a root to achieve its objectives and goals and also for developing a competitive advantage. Maintain the strength and try to readuse the weakness such as Forgn currency prob PESTLE It is very important that an organization considers its environment before beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. Political In Maldives government doesnt influence most of the business. But Bank of Maldives is a government company so they take decisions according to their political decisions. Most of the business in this country are private business. Government helps to their business to carry it with the highest level they can and to expend it. However they have recently announced that they will make new rules to the tertiary sector business. Economical After the tsunami the country is developing rapidly their business and starting new business. In the market they have got so many new competitors like HSBC and Bank of Ceylon. Most of the people still trusts Bank of Maldives because of being the oldest Bank in the country and also its under the control of government. Most of the transection are done in the capital city. So economically they will face much troubles from their business. Because HSBC can be a competitor who will be able to get market share. They have the best dollar providing service. When looking in to the people perspective, most of the people have bank accounts. And all most all the people are aware about the modern world. Business cycle Social Maldives economy is based on about the social could be their spending is higher and less saving. This way happens mostly with the youngsters. Everything for them is fun and enjoying. And each every of them has their own bank account. Thats why it increase the bank transection. Technological Business operates with new technology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Organizational hierarchy Technology is vital to gain competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization. Changes in technology have also become mainly weighty in the post-millennium world. This is particularly true in terms of modern communication technologies. The creation of databases and electronic communications have enabled huge quantities of information to be shared and quickly distributed in a modern company enabling vast cost reductions, and often improvements in service and product. Organizations need to be aware of the latest relevant technologies for their business and due to high competition in the market. The most important changes brought by the human in the 21st century were the Technology. The technology has brought the people together with the best, comfortable and convenient life. Also technology is one of the biggest issues in modern world. Bank of Maldives use the latest technology to serve its customers Porters Fives Forces Supplier : Having a good pricing strategy and a good customer care will enhance Bank of Maldives to catch up the marker easily and maximize the profit. BCG Matrix Directional policy Matrix GE Matrix Market force and Bank of Maldives Communication Human Resource Of the organization Hirchy of company

Hyperspace :: essays research papers

Hyperspace A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the 10th Dimension Imagine a you are sitting next to a pond. Now imagine such as how the fish in that pond would view the world around them. Living their entire lives in the pond, the fish would believe that their â€Å"universe† consisted of the murky water and the lilies. Spending most of their time foraging on the bottom of the pond, they would be only dimly aware that an alien world could exist above the surface. The nature of that world would be beyond their comprehension. You could sit only few inches from the fish, yet be separated from them by an immense chasm. You and the fish lives would be spent in two distinct universes, never entering each other’s world, yet were separated by only the thinnest barrier, the water’s surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now imagine that you are in a rainstorm next to the same pond. You notice that the pond’s surface was bombarded by thousands of tiny raindrops. The pond’s surface would eventually become turbulent, and the water lilies were being pushed in all different directions. To the fish the water lilies would be getting pushed around by themselves without anything pushing them. Since the water around them would appear invisible, much like the air and space around us, they would be baffled that the water lilies could move around by themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now imagine that there is fish â€Å"scientists† that would concoct clever invention called a â€Å"force† in order to hide their ignorance. Unable to comprehend that there could be waves on an unseen surface, they would conclude that lilies could move without being touched because a mysterious invisible being called a force acted between them. They might give this illusion impressive names (such as action-at-a-distance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many scientists believe we are like the fish swimming contentedly in that pond. We live our lives in our own â€Å"pond,† confident that our universe consists of only the see and touch. Like the fish, our universe consists of what is familiar and visible. We smugly refuse admit that parallel dimensions or universes can exist next to ours, just out of our grasp.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of these dimensions is the 2nd dimension. To the 2 dimensional beings or Flatlanders, our dimension is incomprehensible to the Flatlanders. The 3rd dimension is to complex for the Flatlanders brain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flatlanders can not have a digestive tract simply because the being would be split in half.

Portfolio Tasks Architecture History

Cam McBride History Reflect on your understanding of the concept of ‘history'. Has this changed in the first three weeks of the course? If so, how? If not, how did you come to your present understanding of how history works? Discuss at least two of the following: ‘cultural change'; the ‘Great Men' theory of history; historicism; and historical materialism History is all around us, everywhere; every moment in time can be documented as a piece of history. This does not amount to how small the action was, or how long it took, it is all history.The greater the effect on a race or culture the longer the moment stays with us and is documented through time. This is called Historicism. For example one of the major moments in the last 10 years would be 9/1 1; although this did not affect us directly the amount of information and documentation of this event was vast, branching out to all nations. How long will this moment last in history books; will they remember this moment in 100 years? Will it stand the test of time?Something on a smaller scale may last longer, like inventions; things we still use to this day are a constant reminder of their history and where they came from. All people have a different timeline on history, some will gather information and not find it necessary or important, it hasn't affected them so it is not a major event in history for them. For example; the Christopher earthquake is a huge moment in history for us; it has changed our lives and things will never be the same, but for someone in Denmark, the other side of the world, this is an almost irrelevant happening and a miniscule piece of information.They might have seen a 2-minute clip on the news and this piece of history will not stay with them. Therefore history is our own little inline of importance; although we may have the same events, they occur in different orders and rankings depending on the culture that surrounds you. There may even be a completely different timel ine for someone else. None of it matters because history is what is relevant to you. History is usually confined to one particular moment, giving one-person credit, securing their place in the historic books.This in fact isn't true; not one great man creates history; there is always an underlying history behind history. For example; one great man did not invent the telescope. This is the typical route of invention, one hat takes an idea from an already existing item and develops it, improves it and claims it as their own. This idea is not always true. Inventions had to start somewhere, usually occurring when something is needed to make a task easier. All inventions start somewhere, but very few people create something out of nothing.And the struggle of being the first is always a factor, to keep your development a secret until perfected enough to show to the public, and by then someone else may have beaten you to it. It is not the great man who creates historic moments; it is the im portance, need and reasons for the acts to take place. By Cam McBride Portfolio Task 2 – Cam McBride Ancient Rome Discuss the links between Ancient Rome and the United States of America in terms of at least two of the following: architecture; political organization; ideology; and empire.Ancient Rome is a very solid base in the world of architecture; perfecting concrete, having large structures, and using original techniques developed by themselves. America being America, in my eyes initially took on one of the largest colonies to try and improve their work, be bolder, bigger and better. Ancient Rome used large columns including steps leading upward giving a sense of importance, much like the Greeks. This was seen throughout their government buildings and town centers. America's important buildings are very similar in this way, especially in their political scene.For example the Washington White House includes steps up to columns spread across the front facade. Also including a central dome, which the Romans invented and used often, giving a large open central focus to the building. Architecture is a big part of both cultures and is seen as a dominant force, controlling perspectives of power over the people. America is seen as the most powerful nation in the world currently, as ancient Rome once was; this is perceived and reinforced wrought their style of architecture.Architecture and buildings are constantly changing over time but the base link to Rome is still there, the impression of power is still there, creating large buildings in bare surroundings, statues, and rare materials. This shows the obvious link to Roman architecture that still remains in our cultures, not only in America but all around the world. Another parallel between Roman culture and American culture is the appropriation of services, or political management.Creating a safe environment for the people was essential for the Romans and America have adopted this style of giving private ra ciest power and responsibility of taking care of their own. This in fact meaner that there is no distinction between public and private responsibility, in turn creating corruption amongst the people [ (Spangles, 2011)]. Having private organizations try to solve and maintain many of the public services is a bad idea, things become hazy, overlapping from service to service, this may be a solution for the short term but in the long term, much like the Roman society, the consequences are huge.They may not have an option at this stage but in my eyes, a modern society like America should eve the brains, the money and the manpower to solve issues, unlike Rome. Tasks like collecting taxes, patrolling the streets and borders were once seen as a public task [ (Spangles, 2011) America has changed this and the benefits don't seem to outweigh the negatives, how much time will pass before the public rise up against and destroy a perfectly capable nation, much like Europe is currently experiencing .Portfolio Task 3 – Cam McBride The Medieval World In what ways is this representative of the medieval world-view? The Chartres cathedral, also known, as the ‘Gothic Cathedral' is one of the finest hurries in France, renowned for it's beautiful architecture and is a milestone in the growth of western civilization, the birth of a new era [ (Chartres Cathedral, ND) Very quickly dozens of churches appeared using this style, it became prolific, which suggests that in some ways it was a reflection of the medieval world.The gothic style in general was very innovative and was a strong depiction of the medieval ages. The structure was made to incorporate room for large stained glass windows on the outer walls; achieved by diverting the roof weight toward centre columns, which, in plan IEEE depicted the symbol of Christianity, the cross. Thus heading away from the usual cold dark interiors the churches would posses. The big rose windows are a huge part of the style and helped em phasize the height and structure of the buildings.Pointed towers and slender spires surround the building giving it a very medieval characteristic and again adding the essential height factor. The structure, the decoration and of course the function reveals the understanding of the medieval middle ages [ (University, ND) This building is a representation of the medieval worldview as it was a time when here were huge variations of beliefs, at one end of the scale, rationalism, requiring logical or scientific proof for some to truly believe a statement.On the other end of the scale, the extremists, total rejection of reason and solely relying on faith to get them through [ (Valorous, 2000)]. This wide range of beliefs tore people apart and gave them something to be separated by and argue about. The one thing that did not change was their belief in God. Churches were a place were everyone had common ground, the existence of God was certain, no science was needed to prove it, although m om felt the need to prove their beliefs rationally rather than going on blind faith of what has been said to them.This giving the church a huge significance in the medieval world view as it was the central core to society, no matter how different the views of people were within the society, God remained the same, a higher power that indeed needed to be worshiped and noticed by all. Portfolio Task 4 – Cam McBride Option 2 Using the two readings below, explain what materials and technology were used in ancient Greek architectural design. The vast majority of materials used in ancient Greek architecture were based upon mingle strong and sturdy natural elements.Structural elements such as columns were initially created from timbers, one of the easiest natural materials to gather and reform to a building material. Stone soon began to replace timber, mainly for its structural elements but also, its dependability seemed to suit the perception of their immortal gods that they all wor ship. This was entirely appropriate due to the fact the temples were being built as a representation of the gods (Hemingway, 2003). The switch to stone made a big difference to how the buildings looked.As there was a retreat increase in weight, the columns and support beams had to be closer together, this gave it a more solid, heavy look. This also occurred in the roof pitch. Initially they used lighter roofing materials allowing for a steeper pitch, but the introduction and translation into stone meant they started using a range of terracotta tiles which added a tremendous amount of additional weight, decreasing this pitch vastly [ (Odyssey, Adventures in Archaeology, 2012) Obtaining the stone such as marble and limestone was the biggest task of creating an ancient Greek temple.It was expensive and preparation time was extensive (Peck 2005). In summary I would suggest that it wasn't the most practical building material in some cases, but it was the image it needed to portray, the a rchitecture had to represent strength, power and above all immortality. Large masses of stone were indeed the key to this depiction. The technology used in ancient Greek architecture was hugely advanced by ingenious inventions that aided them in constructing bigger and better structures.Some of the tools the Greeks invented are still used to this day, although they have been developed further, in reality they are the same concept and are used for the name tasks. For example the pulley systems used by their wooden cranes; this creation advanced them immensely, previously using ramps and sleds that took a huge amount of preparation and materials (Peck, 2005). The ancient Greeks, like today, would hire specific workmen to build wooden scaffolding around the workouts.Scaffolding was essential in erecting statues, laying roofing tiles and hoisting stone. These systems became common practice and were notably developed to a stage were they were know for their precision and excellence in wo rkmanship [ (Hemingway, 003) The tools used by early architects are still used on the building site today, squares, plum bobs, levels and hammers were all part of the technological growth they played such a huge part in.The Greeks were leaders in the field of architecture, not only playing a massive role in the development of styles, systems and technology, but portraying the meaning and purpose of a building through the use of scale, materials and placement. All these elements are used today, but in some cases, the ancient Greeks used them more effectively. Works Cited Chartres Cathedral. (ND). The Cathedral of Chartres. Retrieved May 18, 2013, from Chartres Cathedral: http://www. Characteristically. Net/ Hemingway, C. (2003, October). Architecture in Ancient Greece.